17 1-5 Flashcards
Buffy coat contains?
Leukocytes and platelets
Hematocrit
The % of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes.
What is blood?
Specialized CT - living cells in a nonliving fluid matrix (blood plasma)
Serum
Relatively clear, watery fluid that remains after clotting proteins are removed from plasma
Blood accounts for what % of body weight? What is normal blood volume?
About 8%. About 5-6L in males, 4-5L in females
What are the characteristics of blood?
- Slightly basic pH (7.35-7.45)
- Higher density and viscosity than water
- Temperature - 38°C/100.4°F (temperature reservoir)
- Color depends on whether it is O2 rich or O2 poor
Why is blood a connective tissue?
It develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells surrounded by matrix.
What are the functions of blood?
TRANSPORT - delivery of o2/nutrients, removal of metabolic wastes, hormone distribution.
REGULATION - Aids in regulating temperature, body fluid pH, and fluid volume.
PROTECTION - prevents blood loss through clotting, prevents infection
Colloid osmotic pressure
“sucker” The force opposing hydrostatic pressure. Due to non-diffusible solutes (rbc, proteins) that draw water.
Plasma consists of?
Water (90%) and solutes.
Solutes are: Electrolytes, plasma proteins, nonprotein nitrogenous substances, nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones.
Electrolytes in plasma?
Help maintain osmotic pressure and normal blood pH.
Cations include: sodium, K+, Ca2+, Magnesium.
Anions include: chloride, phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate.
Plasma proteins in plasma?
8% of plasma (by weight).
Contribute to osmotic pressure and maintain water balance in blood and tissues.
Includes:
60% Albumin,
36% globulin (alpha/beta/gamma),
4% fibrinogen, regulatory proteins
Nonprotein nitrogenous substances in plasma?
By products of cellular metabolism.
Urea (proteins), uric acid (amino acids), creatine, ammonium salts.
Nutrients in plasma?
Materials absorbed from the digestive tract for use throughout the body.
Glucose and other simple carbs, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides, cholesterol, vitamins
Respiratory gases in plasma?
O2, Co2. O2 is mostly bound to hemoglobin inside RBCs, Carbon dioxide is transported dissolved as bicarbonate ion or CO2 or bound to hemoglobin.
Hormones in plasma?
Steroid and thyroid hormones carried by plasma proteins.
Plasma has more of proteins or electrolytes?
Electrolytes outnumber protein, but protein is the most abundant by weight.
Is blood a colloid, solution or suspension?
All. Colloid because it contains proteins that exert osmotic pressure to prevent the loss of fluid from blood.
A suspension because particles are large and tend to repel each other which keeps particles from settling.
It is a solution because it contains dissolved substances (nutrients, gases, waste.)
Albumin
60% of plasma proteins.
Produced by the liver.
Carrier molecule (ions/hormones/lipids) , blood buffer, main contributor to osmotic pressure.
Globulin, alpha/beta/gamma
36% of plasma proteins.
Alpha/beta: Produced by the liver. Transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, fat-soluble vitamins.
Gamma: Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response.
Fibrinogen
4% of plasma proteins.
Produced by the liver.
Forms fibrin threads of blood clots.
regulatory proteins
less than 1%, enzymes/some hormones
3 main components of blood and %
Erythrocytes- 45%, buffy coat - less than 1%, plasma - 55%
