17 1-5

Question 1

Buffy coat contains?

Answer 1

Leukocytes and platelets

Question 2

Hematocrit

Answer 2

The % of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes.

Question 3

What is blood?

Answer 3

Specialized CT - living cells in a nonliving fluid matrix (blood plasma)

Question 4

Serum

Answer 4

Relatively clear, watery fluid that remains after clotting proteins are removed from plasma

Question 5

Blood accounts for what % of body weight? What is normal blood volume?

Answer 5

About 8%. About 5-6L in males, 4-5L in females

Question 6

What are the characteristics of blood?

Answer 6

1. Slightly basic pH (7.35-7.45)
2. Higher density and viscosity than water
3. Temperature - 38°C/100.4°F (temperature reservoir)
4. Color depends on whether it is O2 rich or O2 poor

Question 7

Why is blood a connective tissue?

Answer 7

It develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells surrounded by matrix.

Question 8

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 8

TRANSPORT - delivery of o2/nutrients, removal of metabolic wastes, hormone distribution.

REGULATION - Aids in regulating temperature, body fluid pH, and fluid volume.

PROTECTION - prevents blood loss through clotting, prevents infection

Question 9

Colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 9

“sucker” The force opposing hydrostatic pressure. Due to non-diffusible solutes (rbc, proteins) that draw water.

Question 10

Plasma consists of?

Answer 10

Water (90%) and solutes.

Solutes are: Electrolytes, plasma proteins, nonprotein nitrogenous substances, nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones.

Question 11

Electrolytes in plasma?

Answer 11

Help maintain osmotic pressure and normal blood pH.

Cations include: sodium, K+, Ca2+, Magnesium.

Anions include: chloride, phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate.

Question 12

Plasma proteins in plasma?

Answer 12

8% of plasma (by weight).

Contribute to osmotic pressure and maintain water balance in blood and tissues.

Includes:
60% Albumin,
36% globulin (alpha/beta/gamma),
4% fibrinogen, regulatory proteins

Question 13

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances in plasma?

Answer 13

By products of cellular metabolism.

Urea (proteins), uric acid (amino acids), creatine, ammonium salts.

Question 14

Nutrients in plasma?

Answer 14

Materials absorbed from the digestive tract for use throughout the body.

Glucose and other simple carbs, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides, cholesterol, vitamins

Question 15

Respiratory gases in plasma?

Answer 15

O2, Co2. O2 is mostly bound to hemoglobin inside RBCs, Carbon dioxide is transported dissolved as bicarbonate ion or CO2 or bound to hemoglobin.

Question 16

Hormones in plasma?

Answer 16

Steroid and thyroid hormones carried by plasma proteins.

Question 17

Plasma has more of proteins or electrolytes?

Answer 17

Electrolytes outnumber protein, but protein is the most abundant by weight.

Question 18

Is blood a colloid, solution or suspension?

Answer 18

All. Colloid because it contains proteins that exert osmotic pressure to prevent the loss of fluid from blood.

A suspension because particles are large and tend to repel each other which keeps particles from settling.

It is a solution because it contains dissolved substances (nutrients, gases, waste.)

Question 19

Albumin

Answer 19

60% of plasma proteins.

Produced by the liver.

Carrier molecule (ions/hormones/lipids) , blood buffer, main contributor to osmotic pressure.

Question 20

Globulin, alpha/beta/gamma

Answer 20

36% of plasma proteins.

Alpha/beta: Produced by the liver. Transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, fat-soluble vitamins.

Gamma: Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response.

Question 21

Fibrinogen

Answer 21

4% of plasma proteins.

Produced by the liver.

Forms fibrin threads of blood clots.

Question 22

regulatory proteins

Answer 22

less than 1%, enzymes/some hormones

Question 23

3 main components of blood and %

Answer 23

Erythrocytes- 45%, buffy coat - less than 1%, plasma - 55%