16yo male preparticipation

Question 1

causes of syncope ddx

Answer 1

vasovagal: dizzy, diaphoresis, lightheaded, nasuea, weak, visual changes prodrome
hypoglycemia: weak, hungry, sleepy prodrome
dehydration: resolves w/ volume repletion
seizure: postictal state
heat stroke: high body temp

Question 2

syncope red flags

Answer 2

family h/o sudden death, MI <30yoa, seizures

exertional

chest pain/palpitations

Facial cyanosis, aura, frothing, tongue biting, slow recovery or postictal drowsiness, prolonged mental status change/confusion suggesting a seizure

syncope in the supine position, prolonged LOC >5mins;

flushed or cyanotic skin–>seizure signs and less syncope

Question 3

What are you ruling out in a patient with syncope by getting an ECG

Answer 3

Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome

Long QT syndrome

Question 4

mcc chest pain in teen

Answer 4

MSK: precordial catch syndrome usually along left sternal border, sharp sporadic pain not assoc w activity

Question 5

What does the CRAFFT screen for

Answer 5

high risk alcohol use, drug use

Question 6

What are the CRAFFT screening questions

Answer 6

1. Car: driven in a car by someone who was high/drunk
2. Relax: alcohol or drugs to relax or fit in?
3. Alone: use drugs/alcohol when alone
4. Forget things you did while drunk or high
5. Friends: friends ever say you should cut back
6. Trouble: gotten into trouble while drunk or hifh

Question 7

What are characteristics of murmurs that warrant evaluation?

Answer 7

Louder than grade III/VI

Any diastolic murmur

Any murmur that increases with standing or valsalva