1646-49

Question 1

what where the proposals made in the newcastle propositions?

Answer 1

• no bishops

- parliament controls army for 20 years

Question 2

what happened as a result of Charles slowing down negotiations near newcastle?

Answer 2

the scots handed him over to parliament where they held him in Holdenby house in northamptonshire

Question 3

what did parliament do to first annoy the army in feb 1647?

Answer 3

the voted to disband the army without backpay or indemnity. this thus brings the Army into the negotiations.

Question 4

what does parliament do to even further annoy the army in may 1647

Answer 4

they double down by ordering the army to disband without backpay or indemnity

Question 5

what 2 things does parliament’s order to the army lead to?

Answer 5

1. Joyce sets of with army to capture the king

2. the solemn engagement is set up

Question 6

what was the solemn engagement?

Answer 6

it made it so the army had to stick together until their was an agreement reached
it also set up the general council which brought a 3rd party into the negotiations.

Question 7

what proposals did the general council of the army propose to the king in june 1647

Answer 7

the heads of proposals was fairly moderate and proposed:

• Charles to keep the crown
• limited role for the bishops
• parliamentary control of the army for 10 years

Question 8

what did the heads of proposals lead to?

Answer 8

• it led the conservative presbyterian MPs to invade parliament and invite the King down to London to reach a settlement with parliament.
• although, the army responded by marching down to london to restore order in parliament but had to move Charles to hampton court palace

Question 9

why were the putney debates significant in the scheme of events?

Answer 9

-the levellers demands of professional men without land should vote as well there want to get rid of the social heirarchy not only scared Ireton and Cromwell but also the King as he believed his position was in threat. he thus tried to escape to France but only got as far as the isle of wight

Question 10

what did Charles do in the isle of wight

Answer 10

he signed the Engagement with the Scots which kickstarted the 2nd civil war. it promised that the scots would back the king in exchange for a presbyterian government in england and scotland

Question 11

what did the putting down of the corkbush field mutiny show

Answer 11

-it showed Cromwell was the main power in the new model army

Question 12

how did Cromwell and Ireton view the engagement with the scots

Answer 12

they saw it as treachery and showed that the king could no longer be trusted and for the first time entertained the idea of a republican solution

Question 13

how did parliament respond to the engagement

Answer 13

Jan 1648 - they passed the ‘no further addresses’ which mean there were to be no further negotiations with the king

Question 14

where were there uprisings in the country in the second civil war?

Answer 14

-Norwich
-Kent
-Essex
-South Wales
they were dealt with firmly by the NMA but it showed that the country was divided

Question 15

what happened at Preston in July 1648?

Answer 15

the scots sent their army down to fight the new model army. however, Cromwell, while being outnumbered, won quite easily.

Question 16

why was the battle of preston so significant

Answer 16

to Cromwell, the fact that he had defeated the King twice meant that providence and God was against the king. in his mind, this justified the future removal of the king. Cromwell believed greatly in providence and believed to not remove the king was an act against god

Question 17

after the battle of preston, what did the army do?

Answer 17

in november, the army published the remonstrance which demanded the King be put to justice

Question 18

what were parliament’s actions after the end of the second civil war?

Answer 18

there was still support for Charles in parliament. on the 3rd of december, they passed a vote to give them control of the militia and on the 5th of december, they repealed the ‘no further addresses’ opening up the possibility of negotiations between the presbyterian MPs and the king.

Question 19

why were the army angered at the repealing of the vote of no further addresses?

Answer 19

because they believed it would lead to a presbyterian church and that the king would be able to gain back power. this would go against everything that the army fought for, and most importantly, the will of God.

Question 20

how did the army act in response the repealing of no further addresses

Answer 20

a day after the repealing, the army acted swiftly by sending pride’s forces down to parliament to remove all MPs who didnt support the removal of the King. about 70 MPs remained in parliament, who began to bring Charles to trial. this was Known as the Rump parliament.

Question 21

why did they choose to execute Charles

Answer 21

• Blamed for all the ‘blood shed’ throughout the civil wars, approximately 6% of England’s population. ‘man of blood’
• It was the King’s decision to kickstart a second civil war.
• He countlessly showed that he could not be trusted e.g., negotiating a deal with parliament and the Scots at the same time.
• The popularity of radical groups such as the levellers who received 40,000 signatures for their petition of parliamentary sovereignty over the king. Although they were not in favour of executing the king, they were not opposed thus almost legitimising the Armies actions
• Cromwell and the new model army believed that it was the will of god to get rid of the king. Through the winning of the civil wars, he believed that the royalist defeat was ‘nothing but the hand of God’ suggesting that it was God’s will for the king to lose
• There was also a practical reason. If they had not killed the king, and rather imprisoned him, it could give royalist rebels a force to get behind. Also, there were little alternatives, the king’s unwillingness to compromise, or agree to a settlement meant that only time would pass until they could reach a settlement.