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BS202 > 16.3 Cell-Cell Interactions > Flashcards

16.3 Cell-Cell Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

the 4 types of cell-cell interactions

A
  1. adhesion junctions
  2. tight junctions
  3. gap junctions
  4. plasmodesmata
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2
Q

selectivity of cell-cell adhesion is mediated by transmembrane proteins called ()

A

cell adhesion molecules

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3
Q

cell adhesion molecules can be classified into 4 groups

A
  1. selectins
  2. integrins
  3. immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily
  4. cadherins
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4
Q

cell adhesion molecule that mediates transient interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells or blood platelets

A

selectins

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5
Q

the 3 members of the selectin family

A
  1. L-selectin - leukocytes
  2. E-selectin - endothelial cells
  3. P-selectin - platelets
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6
Q

selectins recognize cell surface ()

A

carbohydrates

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7
Q

critical role of selectins:

A

initiate interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells during leukocyte migration to sites of tissue inflammation

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8
Q

selectins mediate initial adhesion of ()

A

leukocytes to endothelial cells

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9
Q

cell adhesion molecules that mediate stable interactions between cell surfaces to EC matrix

A

integrins

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10
Q

cell adhesion molecules that bind to either integrins or each other to mediate selective cell adhesion

A

immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily

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11
Q

adhesion junctions are formed when integrins bind to ()

A

intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)

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12
Q

binding of integrins to intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) is an example of a ()

A

heterophilic interaction

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13
Q

how is binding of integrins to intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) a heterophilic interaction

A

adhesion molecule on the surface of one cell (e.g. ICAM) recognizes a different molecules on the surface of another cell (e.g. integrin)

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14
Q

other members of the Ig superfamily mediate () an adhesion molecule on the surface of one cell binds to the same molecule on the surface of another cell → selective adhesions between cells of the same type

A

homophilic interactions

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15
Q

examples of Ig superfamily members that mediate homophilic interactions

A

neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) on nerve cells

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16
Q

cell adhesion molecules that are primarily responsible for the maintenance of stable junctions between cells in tissues; mediates largely homophilic interactions

A

cadherins

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17
Q

cadherins are also involved in the selective adhesion between (1) and the formation of specific (2) in the nervous system

A
  1. embryonic cells
  2. synapses
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18
Q

associates epithelial cells to each other

A

E-cadherin

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19
Q

many adhesive interactions between cells are ()-dependent

A

divalent cation

20
Q

stable adhesion junctions are usually based on cadherins; have 2 types:

A
  1. adherens junction
  2. desmosomes
21
Q

adhesion junction wherein cadherins link to actin filaments

A

adherens junction

22
Q

describe cadherin function in adherens junctions

A

cadherins bind to catenins, which in turn bind to vinculin (associate to actin filaments)

23
Q

adhesion junction wherein cadherins link to intermediate filaments

A

desmosomes

24
Q

describe cadherin function in desmosomes

A
  • desmoplakin is associated to intemediate filaments and recruits plakoglobin and plakophilin
  • plakoglobin and plakophilin are in turn associated to desmosomal cadherins (desmoglein and desmocollin)
25
Q

role of cadherins in linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells is analogous to that of the ()

A

integrins forming stable junctions between cells and the EC matrix

26
Q

() are critically important in epithelial cell sheets as barriers between fluid compartments; closest known contacts between adjacent cells

A

tight junctions

27
Q

tight junctions bind (1) → divides and separates (2)

A
  1. 2 plasma membrane bilayers tightly together
  2. plasma membrane domains
28
Q

functions of tight junctions in epithelial sheets

A
  1. seals the space between epithelial cells
  2. separates apical and basolateral domains of epithelial PM
29
Q

what is the purpose of sealing the space between epithelial cells (via tight junctions)

A

prevents the free passage of molecules (including ions) between cells of epithelial sheets

30
Q

what is the purpose of separating the apical and basolateral domains of the epithelial PM (via tight junctions)

A

prevents the free diffusion of lipids and membrane proteins between PM domains

31
Q

() in the apical and basolateral domains are able to control the traffic of molecules between distinct extracellular compartments

A

specialized transport systems

32
Q

similarities between gap junctions and plasmodesmata

A

both form continuous channels between adjacent cells

33
Q

differences between gap junctions and plasmodesmata

A
  • gap junctions are found between animal cells while plasmodesmata are found between plant cells
  • gap junctions are formed using proteins called connexins while plasmodesmata are formed through the incomplete separation of daughter cells at cell division
34
Q

provide direct connections between cells within an individual animal tissue

A

gap junctions

35
Q

main functions of gap junctions

A
  1. regulate channels through PM
  2. couple both the metabolic activities and the electric responses of the cells they connect
  3. allow communication between most cells in animal tissues (e.g. epithelial, cardiac and smooth muscle)
36
Q

gap junctions are composed of () (transmembrane protein family)

A

connexins

37
Q

6 connexins assemble to form a cylinder with an aqueous pore in its center called a ()

A

connexon

38
Q

in gap junctions () form a continuous channel between adjacent cells

A

2 connexons (one on each PM of 2 cells)

39
Q

in gap junctions, adjacent cells are separated by a gap corresponding to the space occupied by the ()

A

connexin extracellular domains

40
Q

specialized assemblies of gap junctions on nerve cells form an () → when open, allow the rapid passage of ions between 2 nerve cells

A

electrical synapse

41
Q

plant cell adhesions are mediated by their ()

A

cell walls

42
Q

specialized pectin-rich region of plant cell walls that acts as a glue that holds adjacent cells together

A

middle lamella

43
Q

rigidity of plant cells means () are not required for the formation of stable associations between plant cells

A

cytoskeletal links

44
Q

plant cells communicate with each other through cytoplasmic connections called (); function analagously to gap junctions as a means of direct communication between adjacent cells in tissues

A

plasmodesmata

45
Q

why do plasmodesmata play an important role in plant cell signaling

A

plasmodesmata allow regulatory molecules (e.g. transcription factors and miRNAs) to travel directly between cells

46
Q

plasmodesmata can form from () following plant cell mitosis

A

incomplete separation of daughter cells

47
Q

() allows ions and small molecules are freely able to pass between the cells through plasmodesmata

A

shared ER as a result of smooth ER extension through the pore formed by plasmodesmata

BS202 (36 decks)

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