1625-42 Flashcards
In 1625 Parliament grants T & P to Charles for how long?
One year
In 1625 Richard Montague is made what?
Royal chaplain
What religion is the cleric who preaches at the opening of Parliament?
Arminian
In 1625 the wardship revenue was
£36,000
In 1625 Parliament granted how many subsidies and what value?
For 2 years at a total of £40,000
In 1625 Charles raised money in a new way, what was it?
The forced loan
In Charles’ second Parliament who did Parliament seek to impeach?
Buckingham
In what year was the La Rochelle expedition and what happened?
In 1626, Buckingham lead 80 ships to France, he hoped to encourage the Hugenots to rebel (they refused). The French sent troops to attack. Lots of British troops died.
Who preached at the opening of Charles’ second parliament?
William Laud
Who became the Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1626?
William Laud
What did Parliament refuse to do in the second Parliament?
Give any more money for foreign policy
1628 Petition of Right was?
A Petition from Parliament to the king demanding the end to the following: no taxation without the consent of Parliament, no imprisonment without cause, no quartering of soldiers on subjects, and no martial law in peacetime.
1629 Three Resolutions
The speaker was held in his chair and they passed
- A denouncement of Charles’ Arminian advisors
- A statement saying raising T & P without Parliament was illegal
- Those who paid T & P deemed illegal
In 1629 how big was the royal debt?
£2 million
In 1628 who was assassinated?
Duke of Buckingham
Political positives of the Personal Rule were:
- The policy of ‘Thorough’ - a streamlining of the administration system
- The Book of Orders’ -
Negatives of the Personal Rule were:
- Ship Money kept JPs busy
- No significant changes to Government
- Laud appointed his own supporters in the Privy Council
- Fear of Charles creating absolutism
Negatives of the Personal Rule were:
- Ship Money kept JPs busy
- No significant changes to Government
- Laud appointed his own supporters in the Privy Council
- Fear of Charles creating absolutism
Personal rule - finance facts
In 1629, Charles was 2M in debt and paying 4)5 of his money on the court. He tried new ways of raising money
Finance positives
Ship money - ships defend the country, tax was mostly successfully collected, gained £107,000 yearly
Book of rates - £425,000 a year, recusancy fines - £5300 per year in 1620 but £26,000 per year in 1634. Wardship increased by 1/3 and by 1637 Charles had balanced the budget.
Finance negatives
- Complaints against Ship Money
- Hampden case
- Monopolies on soap
- Forest fines
- Kinghtships
Personal rule - religion facts
Puritanism versus arminianism, 1633 Laud becomes the Archbishop of Canterbury, Laudian reforms - less Bible and preaching, more ritual and ceremony. Scotland were Presbyterianism, but they had no Parliament to complain to, they hated Bishops and wanted to appoint their own ministers. Also book of Sports in 1633 and Laud’s beauty of holiness - seemed close to Catholicism.
Personal rule - religion facts
Puritanism versus arminianism, 1633 Laud becomes the Archbishop of Canterbury, Laudian reforms - less Bible and preaching, more ritual and ceremony. Scotland were Presbyterianism, but they had no Parliament to complain to, they hated Bishops and wanted to appoint their own ministers. Also book of Sports in 1633 and Laud’s beauty of holiness - seemed close to Catholicism.
Religion - negatives
- The court seemed increasingly Catholic - Maria and her ceremonies and the Pope visited in 1637.
- Religion was forcibly reformed - people felt it was an assault on her freedoms
- Prerogative courts enforced this
- Bishops checked up on ministers
- Burton, Bastwick and Prynne - phamplets and punishment
- 1637 - St Giles protest about the new Prayer book being introduced into Scotland
Tensions - 1637 Hampden Case
Refusal to pay ship money, not upheld by the court
Tensions - 1637 - Burton, Bastwick and Prynne
Had their ears cropped and were branded for printing pham-let’s against Laudianism. Biggest surprise was that they were nobles.
Tensions - 1632 - Wentworth in Ireland
Wentworth achieved 6 subsidies, custom duties, Powers of the Privy council, claimed land and fined opposition
Tensions - 1637 - New Prayer Book issued in Scotland - led to the Bishops Wars
New Prayer book issued in St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh - led to massive protest about the introduction of Bishops led to Bishops’s wars
Tensions - 1637 - New Prayer Book issued in Scotland - led to the Bishops Wars
New Prayer book issued in St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh - led to massive protest about the introduction of Bishops led to Bishops’s wars
Bishops wars
- 1637 - St Giles Cathedral
- 1638 - Scottish National Covenant - General Assembly
- 1639 - Charles raised an army of 15,000 - it fails
- Treaty of Berwick
Short Parliament
Charles wanted 12 subsidies and would give up ship money. Parliament refused, Charles dissolved it. Scots occupy Newcastle and sign the Treaty of Ripon. They will not leave, but will charge £850 per day they occupy Ripon
1640
Opening of the Long Parliament
Pym’s Junto is
A group around John Pym, who were religious radicals and Puritans
In the Long Parliament - 1640 -, what does Pym concede?
Triennial Act - The act required that Parliament meet for at least a fifty-day session once every three years and would only dissolve with its own consent
Root and Branch Petition 1640
To end bishops, and have root and branch change to the church - getting rid of Arminianism. Pym’s Junto encouraged the London Mob and with 15,000 to sign it.
1641 - Execution
Execution of Strafford - handed over by Charles (Act of Attainder)
1641 - Army Plot revealed
A plot by Catholic Army officers to release and dissolve Parliament by force. Known as the First Army Plot.
Act of Attainder
For Strafford found guilty of Treason there would need to be a trial, Parliament and then the Lords would need to vote, so Pym resorted to the Act of Attainder - effectively a death warrant, it only required a suspicion of guilt and no need for a trial. Passed by 204 to 59. Charles signed it under pressure from the London mob and Parliament.
June 1641
T and P abolished
August 1641
Ship Money declared illegal, knighthoods made illegal, forest fines banned, Court of High Commission and Star Chamber for enforcing Laud’s religious policy.
October 1641
Irish Rebellion
November 1641
Grand Remonstrance - By Pym criticising Charles.
- A demand that Parliament should approve Charles’ ministers
- A request that Parliament had move control over the military as Charles wasn’t trustworthy and could not be trusted to lead an army to quash the Irish rebellion
- Approved by the Commons 159 vs 148 - showing Parl was divided
December 1641 -
Aurthur Haselrig presented a Militia Bill to provide an army under control of Parliament.
The 5 Members incident 1642
5 members had criticised HM and threatened to impeach her. Charles took an army to Parl to arrest them. They had gone.
10 January 1642
Fearing for the safety of his family from the London mob, Charles fled London.
March 1642
The Militia Bill - couldn’t be Law as Charles would not sign it.
A call to arms for Parliament instructing Lord Lieutenants to raise an army
Commissions of Array
Call to arms for Royalists
June 1642 - Nineteen Propositions
Parliament issued the Nineteen Propositions as a final basis for a negotiated settlement.
- Overhaul of the King’s ministers, but also approval from Parliament for the royal tutors and future royal marriages.
Rejected by the King
August 1642
The King raised his standard in Nottingham
