1625-29 Flashcards
Buckingham
Favourite of James I and Charles I
Blamed for foreign policy disasters
Increased divisions between King and Parliament
Assassinated by ex-soldier John Felton 23rd August 1628
William Laud
Arminian
1627 - Bishop of Bath and Wells
1629 - Bishop of London
1633 - Archbishop of Canterbury
Wanted to restore the power of the Church, introduce the Beauty of Holiness, suppress Puritanism, improve the educational and financial position of church and clergy
Not Catholic
Richard Montagu
Arminian
1624 - New Gag for an Old Goose
1625 - Appello Caesarem
Appointed Royal Chaplain 1625
Marriage to Henrietta Maria
1625
Part of anti-Spanish policy
Dowry of £240,000
Secret agreement to tolerate Catholicism
Billeting and Martial Law
50,000 troops raised 1625-7
Billeted on local people
Martial law in some areas
1625 Parliament
Charles needed £1 million for foreign policy
Granted two subsidies worth £140,000
Granted T&P for a year (attack on Buckingham)
Parliament attacked Montagu and Buckingham
Charles dissolved Parliament
York House Conference
1626
Earl of Warwick’s idea to persuade Charles away from Arminianism
Chaired by Buckingham who showed support for Arminianism
Charles didn’t attend
Showed Charles’ commitment to Arminianism
Foreign Policy Disasters 1626
Troops raised by force for Mansfield, no training
4000/6000 died from starvation and disease
Failure to take Cadiz - incident at wine store
Failure to seize Spanish gold ships
1626 Parliament
Critics prevented from attending - Coke and Wentworth made sheriffs
Laud preached opening sermon
Charles tried to appease H of C punishment of recusants
Parliament blamed Buckingham for foreign policy whereas Charles blamed lack of finance from Parliament
MPs began impeachment of Buckingham - key figures are Eliot and Bristol
Charles dissolved Parliament
The Forced Loan
1626
Public collection
Opposition - “to all English Freeholders from a well-wisher of theirs”, Thomas Scott MP called Buckingham Agag, Chief Justice Carew dismissed, Archbishop of Canterbury Abbott suspended for refusing to licence sermon in support
Richard Cust argues collection of Forced Loan led to mistrust for Charles which remained
The Five Knights Case
1627
Imprisoned for refusal to pay Forced Loan
Use of Habeas Corpus
Trial led to confirmation of Charles’ right to imprison without trial those not paying
Foreign Policy Failures 1627
Buckingham attempted to relieve Huguenots at La Rochelle
Led to war with France
2989/7833 soldiers who landed survived
1628-9 Parliament (First Session 1628)
Compromise tried e.g. use of Coke
5 subsidies granted if grievances addressed - T&P, billeting and Martial law, imprisonment without trial (Charles used judgement to claim general right to imprison)
Led to Petition of Right
Attacks on Buckingham, foreign and religious policy
2 Remonstrances
Charles suspended Parliament June 1628
Petition of Right
Extreme MPs e.g. Seldon and Eliot wanted a Bill of Rights, Parliament supported a Petition of Right
Drafted largely by Coke
Parliament had to consent to tax, imprisonment could only be used if just cause was shown, billeting and martial law was illegal
Charles accepted 7th June 1628 - feared further attacks on Buckingham and needed Parliamentary tax
Did not specify e.g. T&P or Arminianism - Charles continued
The printing raised doubts of Charles’ trustworthiness
Two Remonstrances
17th June 1628 - Buckingham’s foreign policy attacked
24th June 1628 - issued as Charles continued to collect T&P
