1600-1715, The Rise of Sovereignty

Question 1

How did the overtaxed peasantry reach their breaking point

Answer 1

Because of bad harvests and continual warfare

Question 2

Goal of European monarchs

Answer 2

To end tax exemption of the nobility, town officials, and clergy.

Question 3

When monarchs allied themselves with the merchant middle class, what happened?

Answer 3

They curbed the power of the nobility, town officials and clergy to create a powerful centralized state

Question 4

Which new class was emerging with diversification of economy

Answer 4

A middle class of merchants and professionals.

Question 5

Poor harvests and lower population in the 1600s caused by

Answer 5

The little ice age

Question 6

What was English parliament

Answer 6

An assembly of elites who advised the king

Question 7

Who followed queen Elizabeth 1st In England

Answer 7

James Stuart of Scotland who became James I

Question 8

How did James 1 want to rule England

Answer 8

Through absolutism where monarchs are seen as appointed by God

Question 9

James’ successor

Answer 9

Charles 1

Question 10

What were the two sides of the English Civil War

Answer 10

Forces loyal to the king fought to defend power of the monarchy, the C of E and the nobility

Forces supporting parliament upheld rights of parliament to being the end of the notion of the official state church, and for notions of individual liberty and the rule of law

Question 11

Parliamentary army’s leading general

Answer 11

Oliver Cromwell

Question 12

How did James II plan to avenge his father

Answer 12

By establishing religious freedom to Catholics and restoring absolute monarchy to Britain

Question 13

The glorious revolution

Answer 13

William and Mary of orange helped parliament with the invasion of a Protestant fleet for the quick expulsion of James II

Question 14

Who held the first constitutional monarchy

Answer 14

William and Mary of orange

Question 15

How did both Louis 13 and 14 oversee the consolidation of royal power in their kingdom

Answer 15

They relied on well connected catholic cardinals to oversee the consolidation of royal power by transferring local authority from provincial nobility to a bureaucracy

Question 16

Chief minister to Louis XIII

Answer 16

Cardinal Richelieu

Question 17

How did Richelieu reorder administrative power in France

Answer 17

He created 30 administrative districts under the control of a middle class intendant who owed his loyalty directly to Richelieu

Question 18

Who was Richelieu’s successor as chief minister

Answer 18

Mazarin

Question 19

After Mazarin died, who took over

Answer 19

Louis XIV as an absolutist King

Question 20

Where did Louis XIV live and what was he known as

Answer 20

Versailles, the sun King

Question 21

Why was the Tsarist absolutism in Russia unexpected

Answer 21

They still had an agricultural economy largely based on serfdom, and lack on an allegiance with a thriving middle class

Question 22

How did the Romanov tsars consolidate their power

Answer 22

By buying loyalty of the nobles and in return guaranteeing them complete control over the classes of people below them

Question 23

How was the Cossack revolt put down

Answer 23

By the tsars increasingly modern military forces, and they were controlled thereafter by the creation of a state bureaucracy modeled on those of the west

Question 24

Dominant art style of the 17th century

Answer 24

Baroque; emphasized by grandeur and Drama

Question 25

Counterreformation baroque

Answer 25

The church’s response to artistic styles gearing back to religious themes

Question 26

How did Russia build a powerful centralized state

Answer 26

By increasing the power of the nobility.