1600-1715, The Rise of Sovereignty Flashcards
How did the overtaxed peasantry reach their breaking point
Because of bad harvests and continual warfare
Goal of European monarchs
To end tax exemption of the nobility, town officials, and clergy.
When monarchs allied themselves with the merchant middle class, what happened?
They curbed the power of the nobility, town officials and clergy to create a powerful centralized state
Which new class was emerging with diversification of economy
A middle class of merchants and professionals.
Poor harvests and lower population in the 1600s caused by
The little ice age
What was English parliament
An assembly of elites who advised the king
Who followed queen Elizabeth 1st In England
James Stuart of Scotland who became James I
How did James 1 want to rule England
Through absolutism where monarchs are seen as appointed by God
James’ successor
Charles 1
What were the two sides of the English Civil War
Forces loyal to the king fought to defend power of the monarchy, the C of E and the nobility
Forces supporting parliament upheld rights of parliament to being the end of the notion of the official state church, and for notions of individual liberty and the rule of law
Parliamentary army’s leading general
Oliver Cromwell
How did James II plan to avenge his father
By establishing religious freedom to Catholics and restoring absolute monarchy to Britain
The glorious revolution
William and Mary of orange helped parliament with the invasion of a Protestant fleet for the quick expulsion of James II
Who held the first constitutional monarchy
William and Mary of orange
How did both Louis 13 and 14 oversee the consolidation of royal power in their kingdom
They relied on well connected catholic cardinals to oversee the consolidation of royal power by transferring local authority from provincial nobility to a bureaucracy
Chief minister to Louis XIII
Cardinal Richelieu
How did Richelieu reorder administrative power in France
He created 30 administrative districts under the control of a middle class intendant who owed his loyalty directly to Richelieu
Who was Richelieu’s successor as chief minister
Mazarin
After Mazarin died, who took over
Louis XIV as an absolutist King
Where did Louis XIV live and what was he known as
Versailles, the sun King
Why was the Tsarist absolutism in Russia unexpected
They still had an agricultural economy largely based on serfdom, and lack on an allegiance with a thriving middle class
How did the Romanov tsars consolidate their power
By buying loyalty of the nobles and in return guaranteeing them complete control over the classes of people below them
How was the Cossack revolt put down
By the tsars increasingly modern military forces, and they were controlled thereafter by the creation of a state bureaucracy modeled on those of the west
Dominant art style of the 17th century
Baroque; emphasized by grandeur and Drama
Counterreformation baroque
The church’s response to artistic styles gearing back to religious themes
How did Russia build a powerful centralized state
By increasing the power of the nobility.
