16 Uncovering Problems at the Turn of the Century

Question 1

civil service

Answer 1

nonmilitary government employees

Question 2

extractive industries

Answer 2

businesses that take mineral resources from the earth

Question 3

infrastructure

Answer 3

the facilities or equipment required for an organization or community to function, including roads, sewage and power systems, and transportation

Question 4

muckraker

Answer 4

a journalist who wrote about social, environmental, and political problems Americans faced in the early 1900s

Question 5

patronage

Answer 5

the practice of politicians giving jobs to friends and supporters

Question 6

Pendleton Act

Answer 6

an 1883 federal law that limited patronage by creating a civil service commission to administer exams for certain nonmilitary government jobs

Question 7

political machines

Answer 7

an organization consisting of full-time politicians whose main goal was to retain political power and the money and influence that went with it

Question 8

Tammany Hall

Answer 8

a political machine in New York City

Question 9

temperance movement

Answer 9

a reform movement calling for moderation in drinking alcohol

Question 10

The Jungle

Answer 10

Upton Sinclair’s 1906 novel about unsanitary conditions in meatpacking plants

Question 11

urbanization

Answer 11

the growth of cities