16. Thorax 3 - middle MS

Question 1

Middle mediastinum

Answer 1

In inferior mediastinum

Question 2

Pericardium def

Answer 2

Double walled sac: encloses the heart (membrane)

Question 3

2 layers of pericardium

Answer 3

1. Fibrous Pericardium (sock - 1 layer)
2. Serous Pericardium (bubble - 2 layers)
   - visceral pericardium
   - Parietal pericardium

Question 4

Parietal and visceral layers of pericardium

Answer 4

Pareital –> outmost
Visceral –> Innermost

Pericardial Cavity - ‘potential’ pace in between

Question 5

Fibrous Pericardium

- stuck to?

Answer 5

• surrounds serous pericardium (sock like)
• stuck to diaphragm

flipped inside –> serous pericardium parietal layer

Question 6

Present in the Middle Mediastinum?

Answer 6

heart
pericardium
ascending aorta 
roots of the great vessels of heart
phrenic nerves

NOT arch of the aorta

Question 7

4 chambers of the heart
- base
- apex
MC QUESTION**

Answer 7

Left Atrium (base - most posterior)
Left Ventricle (apex)
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle

Question 8

“Surfaces” of the hearts

Answer 8

anterior –> mainly right ventricle

diaphragmatic –> mainly left ventricle

Right pulm surface –> mainly right surface

Left pulm surface –> mainly left ventricle

Question 9

Base and Apex of heart

MC question*

Answer 9

base - left atrium

apex - left ventricle

Question 10

“Borders” of the heart

- anterior view (appears trapezoidal)

Answer 10

Superior Border – L and R atria

Inferior Border – R ventricle (rests on diaphragm)

Right Border – Right atrium (btw SCV and IVC)

Left Border – Left ventricle

Question 11

Coronary Arteries and Viens

- travel through?

Answer 11

Atrioventricular groove (btw R atria and ventricle)

• right coronary art
• circumflex art

Interventricular groove (btw L and R ventricles)
- anterior and posterior interventricular artery

Question 12

Branching off the right coronary artery

• traveling direction?
• stops at?

Answer 12

Sinoatrial Artery
- towards SVC

Marginal Artery
- towards apex of heart

R coronary stops at posterior interventricular art

Question 13

Branching off the left coronary artery

- travels?

Answer 13

Circumflex artery

• atrioventricular groove
• meets with right coronary at post inter ventricular art

Anterior Interventricular Artery

• interventricular groove
• becomes posterior ventricular art