16- Organic Synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
Alkene to alkane
A
- H2
- Nickel Catalyst
“Hydrogenation”
2
Q
Alkane to haloalkane
A
- Halogen
- UV rays
“Radical substitution”
3
Q
Alkene to Haloalkane
A
- HX (hydrogen halide)
- 20 degrees
“Electrophilic addition”
4
Q
Alkene to Alcohol
A
- steam = H2O (g)
- conc H3PO4 catalyst
“Hydration of alkene”
5
Q
Alcohol to alkene
A
- conc H2SO4 (or H3PO4)
- heat
“Dehydration of alcohols”
6
Q
Haloalkane to alcohol
A
- NaOH (aq)
- H2O
- Reflux
“Nucleophilic substitution”
7
Q
Alcohol to Haloalkane
A
- NaX (sodium halide)
- H2SO4
- 20 degrees
“Substitution reaction of alcohols”
8
Q
Primary alcohol to aldehyde
A
- heat & distil
- K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
“Oxidation of alcohols”
9
Q
Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
A
- heat under reflux
- K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
“Oxidation”
10
Q
Secondary alcohol to ketone
A
- heat under reflux
- K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
“Oxidation”
11
Q
Haloalkane to nitrile
A
NaCN or KCN in ethanol
Reflux
12
Q
Nitrile to Amine
A
H2 / Ni catalyst
Reduction
13
Q
Haloalkane to amine
A
NH3 in ethanol
14
Q
Aldehyde/ ketone to hydroxynitrile
A
NaCN / H+
15
Q
Primary alcohol to ester
A
-COOH (carboxylic acid) and H2SO4
Esterification
