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CLEP CHEM > 16 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

16 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrocarbons:

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain

A

only carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

Alkanes

Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain

A

only single bonds. They are also known as saturated hydrocarbons.

Alkane(CnH2n+2)

Methane CH4

Ethane C2H6

Propane C3H8

Butance C4H10

Pentane C5H12

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3
Q

Alkenes

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain

A

double bonds. The are examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Alkene (CnH2n)

Ethene (ethylene) C2H4

Propene C3H6

Butene C4H8

Pentene C5H10

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4
Q

Alkynes

Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain

A

triple bonds. The are also examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Alkynes (CnH2n-2)

Ethyne C2H2

Propyne C3H4

Butyne C4H6

Pentyne C5H8

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5
Q

Hydrocarbon Rings

Many Hydrocarbons form fings instead of chains. One of the most important of these compounds is the aromatic hydrocarbons, the simplest of which is

A

aromatic hydrocarbons, the simplest of which is

benzene, C6H6

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6
Q

Alcohols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydrogen has been replaced with a

A

hydroxyl group (OH)

This makes alcohols polar, and enables them to form hydrogen bonds.

Methanol CH3OH

Ethanol C2H5OH

Propanol C3H7OH

R - OH

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7
Q

Organic Acids

Organic Acids are organic compounds in which a hydrogen has been replaced with a

A

carboxyl group (COOH)

Methanoic Acid HCOOH

Ethanoic (Acetic ) Acid CH3COOH

Propanoic Acid C2H5COOH

O

R - C - OH

(Double Bond between C and O)

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8
Q

Halides

Halides are organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen have been replaced with a

A

halide (F, Cl, Br, I)

Chloromethane CH3Cl

Chloroethane C2H5Cl

Chloropropane C3H7Cl

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9
Q

Amines

In an amine, a hydrogen atom has been replaced by an

A

amino group (NH2)

Aminomethane (Methyl amine) CH3NH2

Aminoethane (Ethyl amine) C2H5NH2

Aminopropane (Propyl amine) C3H7NH2

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10
Q

Aldehydes

An aldehyde contains a

A

carbonyl group (C=O) connected to at least one hydrogen atom.

Methanal (Formaldehyde) HCHO

Ethanal CH3CHO

Propanal C2H5CHO

O

R - C - H

(C and O double bonded)

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11
Q

Ketones

A ketone is similar to an aldehyde in that it also contains a carbonyl group (C=O), but in a ketone, the carbon in the carbonyl group is

A

not connected to any hydrogen atoms.

Propanone C3H6O

Butanone C4H8O

Pentanone C5H10O

O

R - C - R

(C and O double bonded)

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12
Q

Ethers

In an ether, an oxygen atom serves as a link in a hydrocarbon chain. The name of an either is determined by

A

the lengths of the chains on either side of oxygen.

Methoxymethane (Dimethyl ether) CH3OCH3

Methoxyethane (Methyl ethyl ether) CH3OC2H5

Methoxybutane (Methyl Butyl ether) CH3OC4H9

Ethoxypropane (Ethyl Propyl ether) C2H5OC3H7

R - O - R

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13
Q

Esters

In an ester, an ester group (COO) serves as a link in a hydrocarbon chain. An ester is formed in a reaction between an alcohol and an organic adic, and its name is derived from these reactants.

A

Methyl methanoate HCOOCH3

Methyl ethanoate CH3COOCH3

Methyl Propanoate C2H5COOCH3

O

 R - C - O - R

(double bond betweenn c and upper O)

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14
Q

Isomers

Two or more molecules with the same molecular formula, but with

A

different arrangements of atoms and different chemical properties.

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15
Q

Addition

In an addition reaction, a carbon-carbon double bond is broken down into a single bond,

A

freeing each of the two carbons to bond with another element. In the same way, a triple bond can be converted into a double bond in an addition reaction.

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16
Q

Substitution

In a substitution, one atom or group in a compound is

A

replaced with another atom or group. Typically, a hydrogen atom will be replaced by one of the functional groups in a substitution reaction.

17
Q

Polymerization

In polymerization, two smaller compounds, called monomers, are

A

joined to form a much larger third compound. In condensation polymerization, two monomers are joined in a reaction that produces water as a product.

18
Q

Cracking

In cracking, a larger compound is

A

broken down into smaller compounds.

19
Q

Oxidation

An organic compound can react with oxygen at a high temperatures to form

A

carbon dioxide and water. This reaction should be familiar to you as combustion or burning.

20
Q

Esterification

In esterification, an organic acid reacts with an alcohol to produce

A

an ester and water.

21
Q

Fermentation

In fermentation, an organic compound reacts in the absence of oxygen to produce

A

an alcohol and carbon dioxide. Wine is produced through fermentation.

22
Q

Prefixes Based on the number of carbon atoms

1 carbon atom

A

meth

23
Q

Prefixes Based on the number of carbon atoms

2 carbon atom

A

eth

24
Q

Prefixes Based on the number of carbon atoms

3 carbon atom

A

prop

25
Q

Prefixes Based on the number of carbon atoms

4 carbon atom

A

But

26
Q

Prefixes Based on the number of carbon atoms

5 carbon atom

A

pent

27
Q

amide

Functional group + Carboxal (C=O) group + NH2

A

CLEP CHEM (14 decks)

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