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Computing > 1.6 Ethical, Legal and Cultural, and environmental Impacts of digital technology > Flashcards

1.6 Ethical, Legal and Cultural, and environmental Impacts of digital technology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main impacts of digital technology on wider society

A
  • ethical
  • legal
  • cultural
  • environmental
  • privacy
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2
Q

what are some generic negative impacts of computer technology

A
  • online shopping has meant loss of local and national physical stores and empty high streets
  • robots and AI meant loss of jobs such as in manufacturing, journalism and clerical work
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3
Q

what is a stakeholder

A

anyone who is affected by the actions, objectives, or policies of an organisation such as the government, company or a school

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4
Q

what are some generic positive impacts of computer technology

A
  • healthcare - monitoring patients, administering drugs, diagnosing illnesses
    -social networking - internet dating, communication
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5
Q

ethical problems of technology

A
  • self-driving cars - how does a computer decide whether to hit a fox or a child?
  • navigation systems - is it ethical to program a route to a popular destination that takes a multitude of drivers through a previously safe, quiet neighbourhood where kids might be playing?
  • disinformation and fake news
  • mental impacts of social networking
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6
Q

legal problems of technology

A
  • a simple 3Dprint file can be downloaded and a gun can be fabricated within hours
  • hacking, sharing and misuse of personal information
  • copyright rules
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7
Q

cultural problems with technology

A
  1. The Impact Of Tech On Our Daily Lives (it has changed how we live and we depend on it)
  2. The Digital Divide (access is not the same across the world)
  3. Globalisation (as people around the world become more exposed to technology, this impacts on the values and expectations on people)
  4. Censorship and the Internet
  5. Cultural influences of developers on software
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8
Q

what do we mean by the ‘digital divide’

A

-Cyber-bullying (confidence behind screen)
-Services rely on internet (those who can afford broadband and those who can’t)
-Geography

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9
Q

positive impacts of technology on culture

A
  • In the developing world, easier, faster communication has lead to the rise of democracy and the alleviation of poverty.
  • Globalisation also increases cultural awareness and promotes diversity
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10
Q

negative impacts of technology on culture

A
  • Developing countries risk losing their cultural identities and assimilating themselves into a Westernised world
  • Challenges of inequality from the uneven distribution of technology in a country.
  • In order to participate in a high-tech marketplace, developing nations require individuals with technical expertise
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11
Q

negative impacts of technology on the environment

A
  • appetite for technology puts a huge demand on natural, finite resources
  • 24/7 nature of the internet requires data centres to be permanently switched on
  • computing waste is often shipped to countries with lower standards for disposal
  • carbon footprint
  • technology means more and cheaper products resulting in more waste
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12
Q

positive impacts of technology on the environment

A
  • new, renewable energy technology
  • computers mean working from home so less commuting
  • computer managed engines work more efficiently
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13
Q

privacy issues of technology

A
  • number plate and face recognition
  • electronic tagging
  • cell phone location and GPS technology
  • recording internet browsing history
    -retention of personal data
  • the increasing range of voice activated ‘listening’ devices in our homes
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14
Q

What are the four legislation relevant to computer science

A
  • The Data Protection Act 2018
  • Computer Misuse Act 1990
  • Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1998
  • Software licences
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15
Q

What is the Data Protection Act and when was it created

A

contains a set of key principles that must be followed by all organisations holding personal data. Designed to protect an individual’s personal data.
-2018

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16
Q

what does the Data Protection Act do (what are its rules)

A
  • Fair, Lawful and Transparent processing (of data)
  • Purpose Limitation – data must only be collected for specified, explicit and legitimate reasons
  • Data Minimisation – only hold as much data on a person as is necessary
  • Accuracy – data must be accurate and up to date
  • Data Retention Periods – data must be kept for no longer than necessary. in addition, if a person asks for their data to be erased it must be securely destroyed.
  • Data Security – data must be processed in a manner that ensures security
  • Accountability – data controllers must be able to prove that their data protection measures are sufficient
17
Q

what is the Computer Misuse Act and when was it created

A

An example of legislation that had to be created in order to keep up with technology. primarily created to prevent unauthorised access to data.
- 1990

18
Q

what are the rules of the Computer Misuse Act

A

this made it illegal to:
- make any unauthorised access to data with:
===…the intent to commit further offences/crimes
===…the intent to modify data (eg. viruses)
- making, supplying or obtaining anything which can be used in computer misuse offences

19
Q

what is the Copyright and Patents Act and when was it created

A

An example of legislation which has had to evolve in order to keep up with technology. designed to protect creators from having their work illegally copied.
- 1998

20
Q

what are the rules of the Copyright designs and patents act

A

This made it illegal to copy, modify, or distribute commercially available software without buying the appropriate licence

21
Q

what are features of open source software

A
  • users can modify and distribute the software
  • can be installed on any number of computers
  • support provided by the community
  • users have access to the sort code
  • may not be fully tested
22
Q

what are the features of proprietary source software

A
  • users cannot modify the software
  • usually paid for and licensed per user or per computer
  • supported by developers
  • users do not have access to the source code
  • tested by developers prior to release
23
Q

what is a software licence

A

a license agreement giving permission to an individual or organisation to use a piece of software.

24
Q

what are cookies

A

files, often including unique identifiers that are sent by web servers to web browser and which may then be sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page

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