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Adams Neurology > 16. Epilepsy & Other Seizure Disorders > Flashcards

16. Epilepsy & Other Seizure Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

An intense paroxysm of involuntary repetitive muscular contractions

A

Convulsion

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1
Q

A condition of recurrent unprovoked seizures

A

Epilepsy

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2
Q

Type of seizure in which a focal or localized onset can be discerned

A

Partial seizure

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3
Q

Type of seizure in which the seizures appear to begin bilaterally

A

Generalized seizures

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4
Q

Characterized by a 2.5-4Hz bifrontally predominant spikes or polyspike-&-slow-wave discharges that arise without underlying structural abnormalities; a genetic component underlies many of these disorders

A

Primary generalized seizure/epilepsy

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5
Q

Seizures that begin locally & evolve into generalized tonic-clonic seizures; generally have no genetic component & are usually the result of underlying brain disease

A

Secondarily generalized seizure

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6
Q

Partial seizure without loss of consciousness or alteration in psychic function

A

Simple partial seizure

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7
Q

Partial seizure with impaired consciousness

A

Complex partial seizure

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8
Q

Characteristic EEG of absence seizure

A

3-per-second spike-&-wave pattern

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9
Q

Onset between 2 & 6 y/o; characterized by atonic or astatic seizures (falling attacks) often succeeded by various combinations of minor motor, tonic clonic, or partial seizures & by progressive intellectual impairment in association w/ a distinctive slow (1- to 2-Hz) spike-&-wave EEG pattern

A

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

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10
Q

Characterized by a triad of: (1) progressive dementia; (2) myoclonus; & (3) episodes of generalized seizures

A

Lafora disease

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11
Q

Most common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy in older children & young adults; characteristic bursts of 4- to 6-Hz irregular polyspike activity

A

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

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12
Q

Begins with a tonic contraction of the fingers on one hand, the face on one side, or the muscles of one foot. This transforms into clonic movements in these parts.

A

Jacksonian motor seizure

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13
Q

A transient paralysis of the affected limbs following convulsions that have a prominent focal motor signature

A

Todd paralysis

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14
Q

Localization: Jacksonian/focal motor seizure

A

Precentral gyrus/ BA 4

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15
Q

Localization: Contraversive seizure (forceful sustained deviation of face & eyes contralateral to site of lesion)

A

Frontal/ BA 8

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16
Q

Localization: somatosensory seizure

A

Contralateral postcentral

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17
Q

Localization: visual seizure

A

Occipital

18
Q

Localization: auditory seizure

A

Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl

19
Q

Localization: vertiginous symptoms

A

Superoposterior temporal region

20
Q

Localization: olfactory hallucinations

A

Medial temporal

21
Q

Localization: gustatory hallucination

A

Insula

22
Q

Localization: visceral sensation

A

Temporal

23
Q

Appears during the 1st yr of life; characterized by recurrent, single or brief episodes of gross flexion movements of the trunk & limbs & less frequently by extension movements; hypsarrythmia on EEG

A

Infantile spasm/ West syndrome

24
Q

Specific to infants & children between 6 months & 5 yrs of age w/ a strong inherited tendency; takes the form of a single generalized motor seizure occurring as the patient’s core temperature rises/ reaches its peak

A

Benign febrile seizure

25
Q

A febrile acute encephalitic or encephalopathic state causes focal or prolonged seizures, generalized or focal EEG abnormalities, & repeated episodes of febrile convulsions during a febrile illness

A

Complex febrile seizure

26
Q

Seizures that can be evoked by a discrete physiologic or psychologic stimulus

A

Reflex seizure

27
Q

T/F: Lacunar infarcts produce convulsions.

A

False

28
Q

1st line tx: tonic-clonic

A

Carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin

29
Q

2nd line tx: tonic-clonic

A

Lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine

30
Q

1st line tx: myoclonic

A

Valproate

31
Q

2nd line tx: myoclonic

A

Topiramate, leviteracetam, zonisamide

32
Q

1st line tx: partial

A

Carbamazepine, phenytoin

33
Q

2nd line tx: partial

A

Valproate, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, leviteracetam

34
Q

1st line tx: absence

A

Valproate

35
Q

2nd line tx: absence

A

Ethosuximide, lamotrigine

36
Q

1st line tx: unclassifiable

A

Valproate

37
Q

2nd line tx: unclassifiable

A

Lamotrigine

38
Q

Best choice of medication for a woman with seizure disorder that has been off epilepsy medications for some time before pregnant, & seizes during pregnancy

A

Phenytoin

39
Q

Most common idiosyncratic reaction to anti-epileptic drugs

A

Rash

40
Q

Preferred drug for seizure control in infancy

A

Phenobarbital

41
Q

Drug for immediate suppression of convulsions

A

Diazepam IV 2mg/min until convulsions stop or a total of 20 mg is given

42
Q

Drug for initiation or reloading of anticonvulsants

A

Phenytoin 20 mg/kg in freely running with NSS at a rate not exceeding 50 mg/min as LD
(Monitor: BP & ECG)

Adams Neurology (12 decks)

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