1.6 Development And Governance’s impact Flashcards
Define inequality
Differences in income,wealth, well-being, between individuals, groups within a society.
What is education inequality and what are the impacts?
When not everyone can access good education.
People are vulnerable to a hazard as they don’t know what to do and are not prepared. This is common in low income areas.
What is housing inequality and what are the impacts?
Poor infrastructure quality.
This makes people physically vulnerable to hazards as they are not protected by their housing as it has a poor design or is made of less resistant materials generating a low risk threshold.
What is healthcare inequality and what are the impacts?
When not everyone has access to good healthcare.
Poor healthcare is often found in low income areas this makes people socially vulnerable because they lack access to necessary services and are therefore more at risk to death during a tectonic event.
What is income inequality and what are the impacts?
When people in an area have drastically different incomes this is displayed by a poor score on the Gini coefficient.
This means that people are more vulnerable to a hazard as the tend to be employed in the primary sector where there livelihood is at risk. E.g. livestock get killed by pyroclastic flow.
What are the characteristics of poor governance?
Social exclusion (Egypt not caring for rural population)
Inefficiency
Corruption (Haiti government stealing aid money in 2010)
Red Tape Boundaries (insufficient funds to provide good governance)
What are the characteristics of good governance?
Transparency (say what they mean e.g. japan pledged to remove all nuclear power plants after Fukushima incident)
Engage with the people
Sustainable (japan ensuring sustainable infrastructure that will last and survive hazards)
Decentralisation (multiple professionals come together to decide so not dictatorships)
How does the degree of urbanisation affect vulnerability?
Urban areas tend to be more affluent therefore more educated so less vulnerable to hazards however they are more economically vulnerable as most of the infrastructure will be expensive to replace.
How does population density affect vulnerability?
Areas with a high population density tend to be slum areas with poor infrastructure so are highly vulnerable and not very resilient
How was Haiti vulnerable? (Governance and geographical factors)
Bad governance as funding for services was low so they became dependent on foreign powers like China. Also corruption meant not all money went to the deserving causes. Geographical factors were that the hypocentre was shallow and the epicentre was close to the capital with a high density population. Therefore vulnerable.
How were the countries surrounding the Indian Ocean vulnerable?
Poor governance,No warning systems like DART were activated so no time to evacuate especially in Indonesia.
How was Christchurch vulnerable?
Vulnerability reduced as government helped citizens claim housing insurance and were highly efficient enabling the economy to bounce back quickly.
How was Iceland vulnerable?
Good governance meant that vulnerability was reduced, they were efficient and quickly evacuated 500 families and provided gas masks for the thick ash to remaining citizens.
How was Indonesia vulnerable? (Mt. Merapi)
Poor governance increased vulnerability because the population was uneducated meaning 5hey were not prepared for the event. The structural integrity of the infrastructure was poor therefore government buildings had to double as emergency shelters
How was Tohoku vulnerable?
Good governance reduced vulnerability because they had warning systems like DART in place and were also transparent after the event as they closed down all nuclear plants so as not to repeat th Fukushima incident.
