1.6 Definitions

Question 1

Pioneer plant

Answer 1

First species to colonise a new area.

Algae and Fungus and then Lichen and Moss

Question 2

Primary Succession

Answer 2

Change in structure and species composition of a community over time which was not previously colonised

Question 3

Xerach

Answer 3

Dry area e.g. Bare rock

Question 4

Seral stage

Answer 4

Plants that outcompete with most dominant plants being tallest

Question 5

Climax community

Answer 5

Most stage stage in succession e.g. Trees

Question 6

Equilibrium in climax community

Answer 6

GPP and respiration
Sun energy and decomposition
Uptake from soil and return
Humus

Question 7

Productivity

Answer 7

Reproductive rate

Question 8

Standing crop

Answer 8

Mass present at one time

Question 9

Primary productivity

Answer 9

Rate that producers convert energy to biomass

Question 10

Secondary productivity

Answer 10

Rate consumers get energy from food and convert chemical energy into biomass

Question 11

Energy lost by

Answer 11

Egestion
Heat
Movement 
Respiration 
AT

Question 12

Gross primary productivity

Answer 12

Rate of production of chemical energy in organic molecules by photosynthesis

Question 13

Net primary productivity

Answer 13

Energy in the plants biomass which is available to primary consumers

Question 14

Autotrophs

Answer 14

Use light energy to fix CO2 to compact molecules

Question 15

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 15

Obtain energy from oxidation

Question 16

Habitat

Answer 16

Place where an organism lives

Question 17

Community

Answer 17

All the organism of all species in an environment

Question 18

Ecosystem

Answer 18

All living and non living factors in their environment

Question 19

Measuring abundance

Answer 19

Capture recapture 
Lincoln index 
Line transect 
Belt transect 
Kick sampling 
Quadrants 
Kite diagrams

Question 20

Intraspecific competition

Answer 20

Competition between same species

Question 21

Interspecific

Answer 21

Competition between different species

Question 22

Niche separation

Answer 22

No two species occupy the same niche or one will be extinct

Question 23

Densities dependent factors

Answer 23

Food 
Disease
Competition 
Toxins
Space 
Breeding sites

Question 24

Density independent factors

Answer 24

Temperature
Flood
Fires

Question 25

Phases of diagram

Answer 25

Lag
Log
Stationary

Question 26

Fugitive species

Answer 26

Poor at competition but relies on large reproductive rate

Question 27

Equilibrium species

Answer 27

Control population by competition

Question 28

Facilitation

Answer 28

Some species in succession grow better when other species are present

Question 29

Symbiosis

Answer 29

Association between two individuals causing them to be interdependent

Question 30

Mutualism

Answer 30

Integration between two species which is beneficial to both

Question 31

Commensalism

Answer 31

Loose interaction where one species benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 32

Disclimax

Answer 32

Human interference can effect succession

Question 33

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 33

Azotobacter
Rhizobium

Converting atmospheric nitrogen to NH4+

Question 34

Leg-haemoglobin

Answer 34

Haemoglobin in legumes that takes up oxidation for reduction reactions

Question 35

Human impact on nitrogen cycle

Answer 35

Fertilisers 
Ploughing 
Drainage 
Legumes 
Plant removal

Question 36

Carbon footprint

Answer 36

Amount of co2 generated per year by an individual

Question 37

Ammonification/Putrefaction

Answer 37

Bacteria secret enzymes that decay organism to produce NH4+

Question 38

Secondary succession

Answer 38

Change in community following damage or disturbance to a colonised habits e.g. Fire