1.6 Definitions Flashcards
Pioneer plant
First species to colonise a new area.
Algae and Fungus and then Lichen and Moss
Primary Succession
Change in structure and species composition of a community over time which was not previously colonised
Xerach
Dry area e.g. Bare rock
Seral stage
Plants that outcompete with most dominant plants being tallest
Climax community
Most stage stage in succession e.g. Trees
Equilibrium in climax community
GPP and respiration
Sun energy and decomposition
Uptake from soil and return
Humus
Productivity
Reproductive rate
Standing crop
Mass present at one time
Primary productivity
Rate that producers convert energy to biomass
Secondary productivity
Rate consumers get energy from food and convert chemical energy into biomass
Energy lost by
Egestion Heat Movement Respiration AT
Gross primary productivity
Rate of production of chemical energy in organic molecules by photosynthesis
Net primary productivity
Energy in the plants biomass which is available to primary consumers
Autotrophs
Use light energy to fix CO2 to compact molecules
Chemoautotrophs
Obtain energy from oxidation
Habitat
Place where an organism lives
Community
All the organism of all species in an environment
Ecosystem
All living and non living factors in their environment
Measuring abundance
Capture recapture Lincoln index Line transect Belt transect Kick sampling Quadrants Kite diagrams
Intraspecific competition
Competition between same species
Interspecific
Competition between different species
Niche separation
No two species occupy the same niche or one will be extinct
Densities dependent factors
Food Disease Competition Toxins Space Breeding sites
Density independent factors
Temperature
Flood
Fires
Phases of diagram
Lag
Log
Stationary
Fugitive species
Poor at competition but relies on large reproductive rate
Equilibrium species
Control population by competition
Facilitation
Some species in succession grow better when other species are present
Symbiosis
Association between two individuals causing them to be interdependent
Mutualism
Integration between two species which is beneficial to both
Commensalism
Loose interaction where one species benefits and the other is unaffected
Disclimax
Human interference can effect succession
Nitrogen fixation
Azotobacter
Rhizobium
Converting atmospheric nitrogen to NH4+
Leg-haemoglobin
Haemoglobin in legumes that takes up oxidation for reduction reactions
Human impact on nitrogen cycle
Fertilisers Ploughing Drainage Legumes Plant removal
Carbon footprint
Amount of co2 generated per year by an individual
Ammonification/Putrefaction
Bacteria secret enzymes that decay organism to produce NH4+
Secondary succession
Change in community following damage or disturbance to a colonised habits e.g. Fire
