16: Cereal products

Question 1

Differentiate between refined wheat flour and whole wheat flour.

Answer 1

Refined wheat flour:
- Contains only the endosperm of wheat kernel with germ and bran removed
- High starch, low in nutrients.

Whole wheat flour:
- Contains germ and bran
- High lipid, fiber, vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients.

Question 2

Describe the process of flour production.

Answer 2

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1. Quality inspection of wheat grains
2. Separator to remove coarse and fine particles
3. Aspirator to remove light particles
4. Disc separator to separate grains by density
5. Scourer (Dry or wet scouring to clean the wheat grain surface)
6. Magnetic separator to remove steel contaminants
7. Washer stoner to circulate wheat and water
8. Tempering machine to toughen bran and germ while soften endosperm
9. Blender
10. Entoleter to break and remove husks via centrifugal force
11. Grinder to break wheat grains into coarse particles
12. Sifter to increase fineness
13. Purifier to separate bran, germ and endosperm using air current.

Question 3

Describe the processing of rice.

Answer 3

1. Cleaning: Coarse screens and fine screens are used to remove foreign objects
2. Husk removal: Using a dehusking machine
3. Milling: Bran and germ of rice kernels removed
4. Enrichment
5. Separating broken and altered kernels

Question 4

Describe the general processing steps of making noodles.

Answer 4

1. Raw materials selection
2. Mixing
3. Kneading
4. Resting
5. Shaping
6. Cooking
7. Cooling
8. Drying