1.6 - Bipolar Flashcards
A manic episode last
at least 1 week or less if a patient must be hospitalized
A hypomanic episode lasts
at least 4 days
A hypomanic episode similar to a manic episode except
that it is not sufficiently severe to cause impairment in social or occupational functioning, and no psychotic features are present.
A manic episode is a distinct period of
an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting for
Both mania and hypomania are associated with
- inflated self-esteem
- decreased need for sleep
- distractibility
- great physical and mental activity
- over involvement in pleasurable behavior
Bipolar I disorder is defined as having a clinical course of
one or more manic episodes and, sometimes, major depressive episodes.
A mixed episode is a period of
at least 1 week in which both a manic episode and a major depressive episode occur almost daily
Bipolar II disorder is characterized by
episodes of major depression and hypomania rather than mania
Cyclothymic disorder is chacterized by
at least 2 years of equently occurring hypomanic symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis of manic episode and of depressive symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis ofmajor depressive episode
List the following in order of increasing prevalence
Bipolar I disorder
Bipolar II disorder
Cyclothymia
Hypomania
Bipolar I disorder
Bipolar II disorder
Cyclothymia
Hypomania
Bipolar I disorder has an (EQUAL / UNEQUAL) prevalence among men and women
bipolar I disorder has an equal prevalence among men and women
The onset of bipolar I disorder is (EARLIER / LATER) than that of major depressive disorder.
The onset of bipolar I disorder is EARLIER than that of major depressive disorder.
Epidemiology, Major Depression vs Bipolar I
Indidence
Mood disorders are common
MD: 5-17%, highest prevalence of any psychiatric disorder
Bipolar I: <1%
Epidemiology, Major Depression vs Bipolar I
Sex
MD: more women than men
Bipolar I: equal for men and women
Epidemiology, Major Depression vs Bipolar I
Age
MD: later, 20-50 yo, mean 40
Bipolar I: earlier, 5-50 yo, mean of 30
Epidemiology, Major Depression vs Bipolar I
Marital Status
MD: most often in persons without close interpersonal relationships and in those who are divorced or separated
Bipolar I: more common in divorced and single persons than among married persons
Epidemiology, Major Depression vs Bipolar I
Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors
MD: No correlation has been found between socioeconomic status and major depressive disorder.
Bipolar I: A higher than average incidence of bipolar I disorder is fo d among the upper socioeconomic groups
Psychodynamic Factors in Mania
Most theories of mania view manic episodes as a defense against
underlying depression
Manic episode is a period of…
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day
Diagnoses of manic episode
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
- Decreased need for sleep
- More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking.
- Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing.
- Distractibility as reported or observed.
- Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
- Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences
Hypomaniac episode is a period of
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day.
How many symptoms must be present to diagnose manic and hypomanic episodes?
three (or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable)
Difference between mania and hypomania episode
Mania: increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week
Hypomania: increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days
