1.4 - Major Depression

Question 1

Hypomania is an episode symptoms that does not meet the criteria for

a. bipolar disorder
b. major depression
c. manic episode

Answer 1

c. manic episode

Question 2

Cyclothymia is a disorder that repre­sents less severe form

a. bipolar disorder
b. major depression
c. manic episode

Answer 2

a. bipolar disorder

Question 3

Dysthymia is a disorder that repre­sents less severe form

a. bipolar disorder
b. major depression
c. manic episode

Answer 3

b. major depression

Question 4

What is the requirement for major depressive disorder to be recurrent?

Answer 4

DSM-5 requires that distinct episodes of depression be separated by at least 2 months during which a patient has no signi cant symptoms of depression.

Question 5

A major depressive epi­sode must last at least

a. 2 weeks
b. 4 weeks
c. 6 weeks

Answer 5

2 weeks

Question 6

In addition to depressive episode what else must be met?

Answer 6

typically a person with a diagnosis of a major depressive episode also experiences at least four symptoms

• changes in appetite and weight
• changes in sleep and activity
• lack of energy
• feelings of guilt
• problems thinking and making decision
• recurring thoughts of death or suicide.

Question 7

Dysthymic disorder is ch acterized by

Answer 7

at least 2 years of depressed mood that is not sufficiently severe to fit the diagnosis of major depressive epi­sode

Question 8

major depressive disorder has the (LOWEST / HIGHEST) lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder

Answer 8

major depressive disorder has the highest lifetime prevalence (almost 17 percent) of any psychia ic disorder.

Question 9

Greater prevalence of major depressive disorder in (men / women)

Answer 9

twofold greater prevalence of major depressive disorder in women than in men.

Question 10

The reasons for the difference in gender prevalence of major depressive disorder:

Answer 10

involve hormonal differences

the effects of childbirth

differing psychosocial s essors for women and for men

behavioral models of learned helplessness

Question 11

Mood can be defined as

Answer 11

• pervasive and sustained emotion or feeling tone that influences a person’s behavior and colors his or her perception of being in the world
• adjectives are used to describe mood: depressed, sad, empty, melancholic, dis essed, irritable, disconsolate, elated, euphoric, manic, gleeful, and many others, all descrip­ tive in nature.

Question 12

(XX AND YY) are the two neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders

a. ACh
b. Dopamine
c. GAGA
d. Serotonin

Answer 12

norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 13

The most powerful predictors of the onset of a depressive episode

Answer 13

Recent stressful events

Question 14

At least one of the symptoms for major depressive disorder is either

Answer 14

(1) depressed mood

(2) loss of interest or pleasure

Question 15

Symptoms in major depressive episode diagnoses

Answer 15

1 . Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report or observa­tion made by others

2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change or more than 5°/o of body weight in a month), or decrease or
   increase in appetite nearly every day.
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation

6 . Fatigue or loss of energy

7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a spe­cific plan for committing suicide

Question 16

Symptoms of depression must last how long to be major depressive episode

Answer 16

2 weeks

Question 17

atypical features

Answer 17

• increased appetite
• weight gain
• sleep longer than usual