1.6 ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of ATP.

A
  • Three phosphate groups (triphosphate)
  • A ribose sugar attached to adenine (adenosine)
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2
Q

Hydrolysis of ATP is catalysed by …

A

ATP hydrolase.

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3
Q

The hydrolysis of ATP forms which products?

A

ADP + Pi (Inorganic phosphate)

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4
Q

What is ATP?

A

ATP is a short-term store of chemical energy and is used to transfer energy in all energy-requiring processes in cells.

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5
Q

Why is ATP described as universal?

A

It is used in all organisms.

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6
Q

Give 2 ways in which the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells.

A
  1. To provide energy for other reactions that require it
  2. To add phosphate to other substances and make them more reactive
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7
Q

How is ATP synthesised?

A

Condensation reaction between three phosphates, adenine and ribose, catalysed by ATP synthase.

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8
Q

Describe how ATP is re-synthesised in cells.

A

Re-synthesised from ADP and Pi by ATP synthase during respiration/photosynthesis

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9
Q

What features of ATP make it beneficial?

A
  1. Releases a small but sufficient amount of energy → minimises energy wastage
  2. Stable molecule → won’t be broken down unless a catalyst is present
  3. Can be rapidly recycled / re-synthesised → same molecule can be reused elsewhere in the cell for different reactions
  4. Hydrolysis is quick → releases energy instantaneously to respond to sudden increase in energy demand
  5. Phosphorylates other compounds (i.e. metabolites) → making them more reactive
  6. Is not lost from cells → new ATP does not need to synthesised
  7. Soluble and moves easily within cells → can transport energy to different areas in the cell
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10
Q

ATP vs DNA nucleotide.

A

Number of phosphates: ATP (3) / DNA (1)
Nitrogenous Base(s): ATP (Adenine) / DNA (ATCG)
Sugar: ATP (Ribose) / DNA (Deoxyribose)

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