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Body Systems > 16. Anatomy of Breathing > Flashcards

16. Anatomy of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

How many surfaces do the lungs have

A

3

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2
Q

Name the three surfaces of the lungs and draw and label them

A

1) Costal (outermost towards thorax)
2) Mediastinal
3) Diagrphragmatic (sits on the diaphragm)

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3
Q

Draw labelled diagram of lungs showing where the apex and costal surfaces are located

A

Costal is on the outside. Apex is the topmost part of the lungs.

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4
Q

Which lung is wider and shorter

A

The right lung

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5
Q

Which lung is narrower and longer

A

The left lung

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6
Q

Describe the structure of the right lung, and draw a diagram showing these structures.

A 
3 Lobes (Superior, middle,inferior)
2 fissures - oblique and horizontal
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7
Q

Describe the structure of the left lung

A 
2 Lobes (Superior and inferior)
1 fissue - the oblique fissure.
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8
Q

What is meant by a serous membrane

A

A membrane that produces watery liquid.

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9
Q

Describe the structure of the pleura

A

Double serous membrane consisting of visceral pleura and parietal (external) pleura that are separated by a hypothetical (potential) space, filled with watery fluid.

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10
Q

State the 3 functions of the pleura

A

1) compartmentalisation therefore reduce the spread of infection
2) help create a pressure gradient therefore help in ventilation
3) Help reduce friction of the lungs during breathing

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11
Q

How many Ribs form the bony thorax?

A

12

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12
Q

How many True ribs are part of the bony thorax?

A

7 pairs of true ribs

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13
Q

How many pairs of false ribs form the bony thorax?

A

3 false ribs

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14
Q

How many pairs of floating ribs form the bony thorax?

A

2 pairs

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15
Q

What is meant by distensibility?

A

The ability of the lungs to expand

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16
Q

State the three factors that affect lung compliance

A
  1. Connective tissue structure
  2. Level of surfactant
  3. Mobility of the Thoracic Cage
17
Q

Describe the structure of the Sternum.

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphisternum/ xiphoid process
    > The inferior portion of the breast bone or sternum
18
Q

Describe the structure of the ribs.

A
  • Attached by the head and tubercle to the thoracic vertebrae
  • Slope downwards and forwards
  • Ribs 1-10 attached by costal cartilage to the sternum
19
Q

How are the ribs attached to the tubercule

A
  • Head of rib articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebra
  • Tubercle (Head) of rib articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra
20
Q

How are the intercostsal muscles structured?

A

Span the spaces between the ribs (intercostal spaces)

  • External intercostal muscles -superficial layer
  • Internal intercostal muscles - middle layer
  • Innermost intercostal muscles - deep layer

External and internal intercostal muscle fibres run in opposite directions = more strength.

21
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerve

22
Q

Describe the structure of the Diaphragm.

A
  • Separates the thorax from the abdomen
  • Separates lungs from the abdominal cavity
  • Dome-shaped skeletal muscle with a central tendon
  • Openings for the inferior vena cava, oesophagus & aorta
  • Fibrous pericardium fused to central tendon
  • Innervated by the phrenic nerve
  • Has 3 openings in it for the inferior vena cava, the abdominal aorta and the oesophagus
23
Q

Describe Inspiration.

A
  • Movement of air into the lungs

- Occurs when intrapulmonary pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure

24
Q

Describe Exhalation.

A
  • Movement of air out of the lungs

- Occurs when intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure

25
Q

What is the Pectoralis?

A

The major and minor muscles that sit across the chest and aid ventilation

26
Q

How is Thoracic Volume altered?

A

altered by changing the;

  • vertical diameter
  • anterior posterior (AP) diameter
  • transverse diameter
27
Q

How is the vertical diameter of the Thoracic cage altered?

A
  • Contraction of diaphragm increases vertical diameter
  • Relaxation of the diaphragm decreases vertical diameter
  • Contraction responsible for 75% increase in thoracic capacity during inspiration

Body Systems (17 decks)

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