16-18 - Effect of Earth's Rotation cont.

Question 1

Barotropic Fluid

Answer 1

Lines of constant density, isopycnals, do not cross lines of constant pressure

(Geostrophic velocity remaines constant throughout)

Question 2

Baroclinic Fluid

Answer 2

Lines of constant density and pressure are not parallel to one another

(Geostrophic velocity changes with depth)

Question 3

Available Potential Energy

Answer 3

Geostrophic flow is a steady state condition

There is several times more available Potential Energy than Kinetic Energy in the ocean

Question 4

Upwelling: Ekman Pumping

Answer 4

The process where deep (cold) water is brought to the surface

Occurs when divergent flow exists at the surface

Can occur anywhere there exists sufficient wind shear

Occurs in the Ekman Layer

• (10-100m depending on stratification)