16

Question 1

is an illness from which recovery is not expected.

Answer 1

Terminal illness, also called maradh al maut (مرض الموت

Death is not an ON/OFF event. It is a process that has a timeline, and can be quite lengthy. There reaches a z-point in the timeline that is called the point of no return, and the illness is then called
terminal because it is expected to soon end in death. Some illnesses can be called terminal way before the z-point because they have a predictable course;

Question 2

consists of measures taken to make the remaining life of a terminal patient as comfortable as possible and includes

Answer 2

Palliation

pain relief, support (psychological, social, and spiritual), nutrition, hydration, etc. Palliative care
starts when the hope for cure of the disease disappears.

Question 3

………is an advance medical decision not to undertake extreme artificial life support measures like intubation for patients in terminal illness who develop cardiopulmonary arrest.

……….. is an advance
medical decision to withhold futile therapeutic intervention from a terminally ill
patient; however, palliative and symptomatic treatments can continue.

Answer 3

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)

Do Not Treat (DNT)

Question 4

consists of measures that lead to the death of a terminal patient to spare him or her from
further pain and suffering. If acts of commission deliberately bring about death, it is called …………. If acts of omission lead to death, it is called ……………..

Answer 4

Euthanasia, also called mercy killing, qatl al rahmah القتل الرحيم

active euthanasia

passive euthanasia.

Question 5

……… is not instituting futile artificial life support measures in a terminal or critically ill patient.

………is terminating futile artificial life support
measures in a terminally or critically ill patient, or in some cases in patients.
who are clinically or brain-dead, but still on life support.

Answer 5

Withholding of life support

Withdrawal of life support

Question 6

Brain death is cessation of all functions, including blood circulation in the brain. Brain death is diagnosed based on

Answer 6

clinical criteria, and laboratory and radiological confirmatory tests.

Brain death can be total brain death if it involves the whole brain, or can be’brain stem

Question 7

is the dissection of a dead body to determine the cause of death. The dissection could cover the whole body or could be selective.

Answer 7

Autopsy examination

Question 8

is surgically removing organs such as the heart, lungs,
and the kidneys for subsequent transplantation into another patient.

Answer 8

Organ harvesting