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15th Group Flashcards

1
Q

Common electronic configuration

A

ns2 np3

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2
Q

Main valences

A

3 & 5

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3
Q

How do metallic properties vary down group 15?

A

increases

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4
Q

Metallic character of N & P

A

Non-metals

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5
Q

Metallic character of As, Sb, Bi

A

Poor metals

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6
Q

How do group 15 elements exist?

A

N exists as a gas

All the other elements exist in solid state

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7
Q

Why is electronegativity of N high?

A

Due to smaller atomic radius

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8
Q

What are the two types of oxides produced by group 15 elements

A

Y2O3 oxides

Y2O5 oxides

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9
Q

What’s the acidic character of Y2O3 oxides

A

N2O3 - acidic

P2O3 - weakly acidic

As2O3 - amphoteric

Sb2O3 - amphoteric

Bi2O3 - basic

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10
Q

Acidic character of N2O3

A

acidic

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11
Q

Acidic character of P2O3

A

weakly acidic

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12
Q

Acidic character of As2O3

A

amphoteric

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13
Q

Acidic character of Sb2O3

A

amphoteric

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14
Q

Acidic character of Bi2O3

A

basic

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15
Q

Which oxides exist as dimers?

A

As2O3 and Sb2O3

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16
Q

Write the acidic character of Y2O3 oxides

A

All are acidic

No basic oxides

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17
Q

What oxide isn’t theoretically possible?

A

Bi2O5

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18
Q

What are the oxides produced by N?

A

N2O3, N2O5, NO, N2O, NO2

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19
Q

How do acidic oxides of N and P react with water?

A

Acids are produced

N2O3 + H2O –> HNO2

NO2 + H2O –> HNO2 + HNO3

N2O5 + H2O –> HNO3

P2O3 + H2O –> H3PO4

P2O5 + H2O –> H3PO4

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20
Q

N2O3 reaction w water

A

N2O3 + H2O –> HNO2

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21
Q

NO2 reaction w water

A

NO2 + H20 –> HNO3 + HNO2

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22
Q

N2O5 reaction w water

A

N2O5 + H20 –> HNO3

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23
Q

P2O3 reaction w water

A

P2O3 + H2O –> H3PO4

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24
Q

Write the acidic nature of all N oxides

A

N2O - neutral
NO - neutral
N2O3 - acidic
NO2 - acidic (more)
N2O5 - acidic (highly)

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25
Acidity of N2O
Neutral
26
Acidity of NO
Neutral
27
Acidity of N2O3
Acidic
28
Acidity of NO2
Acidic
29
Acidity of N2O5
Acidic
30
Characteristics of N
- N exists with triple bonds as N2 and it is very hard to break. So, N2 is inert - Due to inert property, high % of N2 is possible in atmosphere (70.98%) - Weakly soluble in water, but more soluble under high pressure - N2 doesn't show allotropic forms even though all other 15th group elements do
31
experimental confirmation of N in atmosphere
Burn a piece of Mg tape in air & collect the powder produced by burning Secondly, add this powder to water and close a filter paper moistened with Nessler's reagent Then the filter paper will turn into brown. Evolving NH3 turns Nessler's reagent brown Mg + O2 --> MgO Mg + N2 --> Mg3N2 Mg3N2 + H20 ---> Mg(OH)2 + NH3
32
reactions of N in atmosphere
Mg + O2 --> MgO Mg + N2 --> Mg3N2 Mg3N2 + H20 ---> Mg(OH)2 + NH3
33
N compound w oxidation no. (-3)
Ammonia (NH3)
34
N compound w oxidation no. (-2)
Hydrazine (N2H4)
35
N compound w oxidation no. (-1)
Hydroxyl amine (NH2OH)
36
N compound w oxidation no. 0
Dinitrogen (N2)
37
N compound w oxidation no. (+1)
Dinitrogen Monoxide (N2O)
38
N compound w oxidation no. (+2)
Nitrogen Monoxide (NO)
39
N compound w oxidation no. (+3)
Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
40
N compound w oxidation no. (+4)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Dinitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4)
41
N compound w oxidation no. (+5)
Dinitrogen Pentoxide (N2O5) Nitric Acid (HNO3)
42
What are the nitrogen oxoacids
HNO2 HNO3
43
Describe HNO2
- a weak monoprotic acid - at room conditions, HNO2 is unstable
44
How can a solution of HNO2 acid be prepared?
Adding a dilute acid to a cold dilute solution of a nitrite NaNO2 + HCl ---> NaCl + HNO2
45
How does HNO2 disproportionate?
HNO2 --> HNO3 + NO + H2O NO + O2 ---> NO2 (reddish brown) This fact is used to identify NO2- ions
46
Describe HNO3
- HNO3 is a strong acid - An oily, hazardous liquid - Pure HNO3 is colorless but usually we can observe HNO3 acid with a yellow color, due to the light induced decomposition of HNO3
47
Decomposition of HNO3 under sunlight
HNO3 ---> NO2 + O2 + H2O
48
Properties of HNO3
HNO3 shows oxidizing, reducing, acid and base properties 1. Dilute HNO3 as an acid 2. Conc. HNO3 as an oxidizing agent 3. HNO3 with H2SO4 as a base (nitration mixture) NO REDUCING PROPERTIES
49
Reactions of HNO3 as an acid with metals
Mg + HNO3 --> Mg(NO3)2 + H2 Zn + HNO3 --> Zn(NO3)2 + H2
50
Reactions of HNO3 as an oxidizing agent
Mg + HNO3 --> Mg(NO3)2 + NO2 + H20 Cu + HNO3 --> Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O
51
How does Cu react with dilute HNO3
Cu can't displace H from dilute acids, but Cu involves in reaction with dil. HNO3 by showing oxidizing properties Cu + HNO3 ---> Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O
52
Reactions of conc. HNO3 with non-metals
C + HNO3 --> CO2 + NO2 + H2O S + HNO3 --> H2SO4 + NO2 + H20
53
Describe NH3
A colorless gas with a strong, characteristic smell It's a basic gas which is soluble in water NH3 + H2O --> NH3OH
54
Describe NH3 reactions with water
NH3 + H2O --> NH3OH
55
How does NH3OH (aq. NH3) act as a base and dissociate?
NH4OH --> NH4+ + OH-
56
Properties of NH3
1. base 2. acid 3. oxidizing agent 4. reducing agent
57
How does NH3 act as a base?
NH3 + HCL ---> NH4Cl (white dense fume)
58
How does NH3 act as an acid?
Na + NH3 ---> NaNH2 + H2 Mg + NH3 ---> Mg3N2 + H2
59
How does NH3 act as an oxidizing agent
Na + NH3 ---> NaNH2 + H2 Mg + NH3 ---> Mg3N2 + H2
60
Reactions of NH3 as a reducing agent
NH3 + Cl2 --> N2 + HCl EXCESS NH3 + HCl --> NH4Cl NH3 + EXCESS Cl2 --> HCl + NCl3 NCl can react w water as follows NCl3 + H2O --> NH3 + HOCl
61
Why is NH3 used as a water disinfecting agent
Due to formation of HOCl
62
Reaction of NH3 with CuO
CuO + NH3 --> Cu + N2 + H20
63
Steps of NH3 identification
1. Nessler's Reagent Filter paper moistened with Nessler's reagent when allowed to contact NH3 gas turns brown color from yellow 2. Using HCl Vapor When conc. HCl is allowed to contact with NH3 gas, a white dense fume formation is observed NH3 + HCl --> NH4Cl (white dense fume)
64
NH3 reaction with HCl vapor
NH3 + HCl --> NH4Cl (white dense fume)
65
How do ammonium salts decompose?
They decompose easily by heat to give NH3 as a product (NH4)2CO3 ----> NH3 + CO2 + H2O NH4Cl --> NH3 + HCl (NH4)2SO4 ---> NH3 + H2SO4
66
How do some NH4 salts with anions oxidize ?
They oxidize to give some other products instead of NH3 NH4NO2 ---> N2 + H20 NH4NO3 --> N20 + H20 (NH4)2Cr2O7 --> N2 + Cr2O3 + H20
67
How does (NH4)2Cr2O7 oxidize
(NH4)2Cr2O7 --> N2 + Cr2O3 + H20
68
Identification of NH4 salts
When NH4 salts heat with a strong base (NaOH), all NH4 salts evolve NH3 Evolving NH3 can be identified using HCl vapor or Nessler's reagent NH4+ + OH- ---> NH3 + H20 NH3 + HCl ----> NH4Cl (white flame) NH3 -----> brown
69
Reaction of salt with weak component of weak acid/ base
It's possible to displace using a strong component (NH4)2CO3 + HCl ---> NH4Cl + CO2 + h20 (NH4)2CO3 + NaOH ---> NH3 + Na2CO3 + H20

Inorganic (9 decks)

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