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Nutrition 1 (Semester II) > 15b. Medicinal Mushrooms > Flashcards

15b. Medicinal Mushrooms Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycotherapy?

A

Use of mushrooms and their compounds as medicines or health-promoting agents

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2
Q

What are the medicinal compounds found in mushrooms?

A

Beta-glucans
Triterpenes
Sterols
Lecthins

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3
Q

What are beta-glucans?

A

Polysaccharides that can contain protein

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4
Q

What are the most common forms of beta-glucans?

A

1,3

1,6

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5
Q

What is the role of beta-glucans?

A

Supports optimal immune function
Promotes immunomodulation
Exerts anti-tumour activity

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6
Q

How do beta-glucans work in the immune system?

A

Captured by various cells in the lymphatic tissue of the intestines
Stimulates macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells

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7
Q

What are the benefits of triterpenes?

A

Hepato-protective

Anti-tumour

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8
Q

What is a form of sterol found in mushrooms?

A

Ergosterol

precursor to vit D

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9
Q

What are the benefits of lectins from mushrooms?

A

Agglutinate tumour cells (stick together)

Immunomodulatory

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10
Q

What are the benefits of mushrooms when used alongside drug treatments?

A

Medicinal mushrooms covered can be used alongside other drug treatments

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11
Q

What is reishi considered to be in Western medicine?

A

An adaptogen

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12
Q

What is an adaptogen?

A

Helps increase the body’s resistance to stress

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13
Q

What are the important constituents of reishi?

A 
Beta-glucans
Triterpenes
Lectins
Sterols
B vits
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14
Q

Reishi - functions (ASIA BABAS)

A

Anti-viral
Stress
Immunity
Anti-cancer

Benign prostate hyperplasia
Anti-inflammatory
Blood sugar regulation
Anti-coagulant
Sleep
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15
Q

Reishi - functions in immunity

A

Increases number and activity of immune cells

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16
Q

Reishi - functions in anti-viral

A

Inhibits replication of EB and hepatitis B viruses

Inhibits reverse transcriptase in HIV

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17
Q

Reishi - functions in anti-cancer

A

Induces apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells
Inhibits angiogenesis
Inhibit tumour metastases

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18
Q

Reishi - functions in anti-inflammatory

A

Triterpenes provide anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine action
Healthy ageing

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19
Q

Reishi - functions in anti-coagulant

A

Ganoderic acids inhibit platelet aggregation - thinning the blood
(supportive in CV health)

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20
Q

Reishi - functions in benign prostate hyperplasia

A

5a-reductase inhibitor blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

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21
Q

Reishi - functions in sleep and stress

A

Triterpenes have a sedative action

Calming nervous system

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22
Q

Reishi - functions in blood sugar regulation

A

Ganoderic acids increase insulin secretion and decrease cellular resistance to insulin
(T2D and PCOS)

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23
Q

How is reishi best supplemented?

A

Powder in food
Powder in tea
Capsules

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24
Q

Reishi - interactions

A

May increase risk of bleeding if combined with anti-coagulant drugs
(warfarin)

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25
What are the important constituents of shiitake mushrooms?
``` Beta-glucan - Lentinan Choline Zinc D Fe B vits Unsaturated fatty acids ```
26
What is shiitake used for in TCM?
Replenish Qi | Nourish the blood
27
Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses (BIG CC)
Benign prostate hyperplasia Immunity Gout CV disease Cancer
28
Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in immunity
Increases phagocytes, T-lymphocytes, NK cells Increases interferon synthesis Anti-candida agent - antibacterial Periodontal disease
29
Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in CV disease
Lowers LDL cholesterol by increasing faecal excretion Increases HDL Inhibits platelet aggregation - anti-thrombotic
30
Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in cancer
Anti-proliferative | Anti-angiogenic
31
Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in gout
Alkalising effect | Lowers uric acid levels
32
Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in benign prostate hyperplasia
High Zn levels block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (preventing prostate growth)
33
Shiitake - interactions
Anti-coagulant drugs
34
What does lion's mane mushroom taste of?
Lobster
35
What are the important constituents of lion's mane?
``` Beta-glucans Erinacines High protein Se Zn ```
36
Lion's Mane - functions/therapeutic uses (GN)
GI disorders | Nervous system disorders
37
Lion's Mane - functions in GI disorders
Promotes regeneration of gastric and intestinal mucosa | Prebiotic
38
Lion's Mane - functions in nervous system disorders
Erinacine has a stimulatory effect on the production of nerve growth factor Powerful AO
39
Lion's Mane - therapeutic uses in nervous system disorders
``` AZD Concussion recovery MS Parkinson's Peripheral neuropathy Cognitive decline ```
40
Lion's Mane - therapeutic uses in GI disorders
``` Intestinal permeability IBD Peptic ulcers Gastritis GORD Dysbiosis ```
41
Where is turkey tail usually found?
On dead logs
42
What are the two polysaccharide extracts from turkey tail?
``` Polysaccharide K (PSK) Polysaccharidepeptide (PSP) ```
43
Turkey Tail - functions (CI)
Cancer | Immunity
44
Turkey Tail - functions in cancer
Anti-proliferative Anti-metastatic Anti-angiogenic Induces apoptosis of cancer cells
45
Turkey Tail - therapeutic uses in cancer
Improves survival rate when combined with conventional therapies Minimises side effects Protects against mutations caused by radiotherapy
46
Turkey Tail - functions in immunity
Increases activity of macrophages, T-lymphocytes and NK cells Anti-viral action Normalises overactive immune system
47
Turkey Tail - therapeutic uses in immunity
``` HIV EBV HPV Hepatitis B AI ```
48
Turkey Tail - side effects
Nausea Loss of appetite Diarrhoea
49
What are the important constituents of maitake mushrooms?
``` Beta-glucans Metalloproteins Lectins Enzymes Ergosterol ```
50
Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses (ICMC)
Immunity Cancer Metabolic diseases CV disease
51
Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses in immunity
Beta-glucans regulate the immune system increasing Th1 lymphocytes They stimulate macrophages and NK cells Reduces inflammation by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2
52
Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses in cancer
Beta-glucans provide an anti-cancer benefit Alleviates side effects of chemo Anti-metastatic Inhibits tumour growth
53
Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses in CV diseases
Contains a protease that prevents clot formation Reduces LDL cholesterol Regulates angiotensin-aldosterone system
54
Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses in metabolic diseases
Contains a proteoglycan that improves insulin sensitivity (diabetes/PCOS)
55
Maitake - interactions
Potential additive side effect when combined with blood glucose lowering medications or supplements
56
Which nutrient can improve the absorption of beta-glucans?
Vit C
57
What are the key constituents of chaga?
Beta-glucans Triterpenes Ergosterol
58
Chaga - functions/therapeutic uses (CI)
Cancer | Immunity
59
Chaga - functions/therapeutic uses in immunity
Supports bone marrow activity Proliferation of immune cells Anti-viral Anti-inflammatory
60
Chaga - functions/therapeutic uses in cancer
AO Induces cancer cell apoptosis Offsets bone marrow-suppressing effects of chemo
61
Chaga - interactions
Appears to inhibit platelet aggregation so caution with antiplatelet medications and before surgery (e.g. warfarin)
62
What are the important constituents of cordyceps?
``` Polysaccharides Cordycepin acid Nucleotides Ergosterol Sterols ```
63
Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses
``` Kidney diseases Liver diseases CV diseases Respiratory diseases Fatigue/concentration Reproductive diseases Depression ```
64
Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in kidney diseases
``` Decreases proteinuria Improves creatine clearance Promotes regeneration of kidney tubular walls Protects kidney from damage Stimulates formation of erythrocytes ```
65
Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in liver diseases
Improves hepatocyte function Decreases formation of fibrotic tissue in liver cirrhosis Improves liver function in hep B and C
66
Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in CV diseases
``` Anti-inflammatory Acts as a cardiotonic (helping with arrhythmias) Increases nitric oxide production Relaxes vascular walls (lowering BP) Anti-thrombotic properties ```
67
Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in respiratory diseases
Improves respiratory function in asthma, chronic bronchitis and COPD Reduces inflammation Strengthens the immune system Anti-viral
68
Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in fatigue/concentration
Adenosine content provides extra energy | Improves learning capacity and memory
69
Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in reproductive diseases
Enhances fertility and libido Increases testosterone production in men (impotency) Upregulates ovarian hormone production in women (regulating menstrual cycle)
70
Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in depression
MAO inhibitor leading to increased dopamine and serotonin | improving mood
71
Cordyceps - interactions
Immunostimulatory effects may interfere with immunosuppressant drugs Caution with hormone dependent cancers (due to influence on reproductive hormones)

Nutrition 1 (Semester II) (16 decks)

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