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Nutrition 1 (Semester II) > 15b. Medicinal Mushrooms > Flashcards

15b. Medicinal Mushrooms Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycotherapy?

A

Use of mushrooms and their compounds as medicines or health-promoting agents

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2
Q

What are the medicinal compounds found in mushrooms?

A

Beta-glucans
Triterpenes
Sterols
Lecthins

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3
Q

What are beta-glucans?

A

Polysaccharides that can contain protein

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4
Q

What are the most common forms of beta-glucans?

A

1,3

1,6

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5
Q

What is the role of beta-glucans?

A

Supports optimal immune function
Promotes immunomodulation
Exerts anti-tumour activity

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6
Q

How do beta-glucans work in the immune system?

A

Captured by various cells in the lymphatic tissue of the intestines
Stimulates macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells

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7
Q

What are the benefits of triterpenes?

A

Hepato-protective

Anti-tumour

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8
Q

What is a form of sterol found in mushrooms?

A

Ergosterol

precursor to vit D

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9
Q

What are the benefits of lectins from mushrooms?

A

Agglutinate tumour cells (stick together)

Immunomodulatory

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10
Q

What are the benefits of mushrooms when used alongside drug treatments?

A

Medicinal mushrooms covered can be used alongside other drug treatments

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11
Q

What is reishi considered to be in Western medicine?

A

An adaptogen

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12
Q

What is an adaptogen?

A

Helps increase the body’s resistance to stress

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13
Q

What are the important constituents of reishi?

A 
Beta-glucans
Triterpenes
Lectins
Sterols
B vits
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14
Q

Reishi - functions (ASIA BABAS)

A

Anti-viral
Stress
Immunity
Anti-cancer

Benign prostate hyperplasia
Anti-inflammatory
Blood sugar regulation
Anti-coagulant
Sleep
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15
Q

Reishi - functions in immunity

A

Increases number and activity of immune cells

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16
Q

Reishi - functions in anti-viral

A

Inhibits replication of EB and hepatitis B viruses

Inhibits reverse transcriptase in HIV

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17
Q

Reishi - functions in anti-cancer

A

Induces apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells
Inhibits angiogenesis
Inhibit tumour metastases

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18
Q

Reishi - functions in anti-inflammatory

A

Triterpenes provide anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine action
Healthy ageing

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19
Q

Reishi - functions in anti-coagulant

A

Ganoderic acids inhibit platelet aggregation - thinning the blood
(supportive in CV health)

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20
Q

Reishi - functions in benign prostate hyperplasia

A

5a-reductase inhibitor blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

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21
Q

Reishi - functions in sleep and stress

A

Triterpenes have a sedative action

Calming nervous system

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22
Q

Reishi - functions in blood sugar regulation

A

Ganoderic acids increase insulin secretion and decrease cellular resistance to insulin
(T2D and PCOS)

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23
Q

How is reishi best supplemented?

A

Powder in food
Powder in tea
Capsules

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24
Q

Reishi - interactions

A

May increase risk of bleeding if combined with anti-coagulant drugs
(warfarin)

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25
Q

What are the important constituents of shiitake mushrooms?

A 
Beta-glucan - Lentinan
Choline
Zinc
D
Fe
B vits
Unsaturated fatty acids
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26
Q

What is shiitake used for in TCM?

A

Replenish Qi

Nourish the blood

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27
Q

Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses (BIG CC)

A

Benign prostate hyperplasia
Immunity
Gout

CV disease
Cancer

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28
Q

Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in immunity

A

Increases phagocytes, T-lymphocytes, NK cells
Increases interferon synthesis
Anti-candida agent - antibacterial
Periodontal disease

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29
Q

Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in CV disease

A

Lowers LDL cholesterol by increasing faecal excretion
Increases HDL
Inhibits platelet aggregation - anti-thrombotic

30
Q

Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in cancer

A

Anti-proliferative

Anti-angiogenic

31
Q

Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in gout

A

Alkalising effect

Lowers uric acid levels

32
Q

Shiitake - functions/therapeutic uses in benign prostate hyperplasia

A

High Zn levels block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
(preventing prostate growth)

33
Q

Shiitake - interactions

A

Anti-coagulant drugs

34
Q

What does lion’s mane mushroom taste of?

A

Lobster

35
Q

What are the important constituents of lion’s mane?

A 
Beta-glucans
Erinacines
High protein
Se
Zn
36
Q

Lion’s Mane - functions/therapeutic uses (GN)

A

GI disorders

Nervous system disorders

37
Q

Lion’s Mane - functions in GI disorders

A

Promotes regeneration of gastric and intestinal mucosa

Prebiotic

38
Q

Lion’s Mane - functions in nervous system disorders

A

Erinacine has a stimulatory effect on the production of nerve growth factor
Powerful AO

39
Q

Lion’s Mane - therapeutic uses in nervous system disorders

A 
AZD
Concussion recovery
MS
Parkinson's
Peripheral neuropathy
Cognitive decline
40
Q

Lion’s Mane - therapeutic uses in GI disorders

A 
Intestinal permeability
IBD
Peptic ulcers
Gastritis
GORD
Dysbiosis
41
Q

Where is turkey tail usually found?

A

On dead logs

42
Q

What are the two polysaccharide extracts from turkey tail?

A 
Polysaccharide K (PSK)
Polysaccharidepeptide (PSP)
43
Q

Turkey Tail - functions (CI)

A

Cancer

Immunity

44
Q

Turkey Tail - functions in cancer

A

Anti-proliferative
Anti-metastatic
Anti-angiogenic
Induces apoptosis of cancer cells

45
Q

Turkey Tail - therapeutic uses in cancer

A

Improves survival rate when combined with conventional therapies
Minimises side effects
Protects against mutations caused by radiotherapy

46
Q

Turkey Tail - functions in immunity

A

Increases activity of macrophages, T-lymphocytes and NK cells
Anti-viral action
Normalises overactive immune system

47
Q

Turkey Tail - therapeutic uses in immunity

A 
HIV
EBV
HPV
Hepatitis B
AI
48
Q

Turkey Tail - side effects

A

Nausea
Loss of appetite
Diarrhoea

49
Q

What are the important constituents of maitake mushrooms?

A 
Beta-glucans
Metalloproteins
Lectins
Enzymes
Ergosterol
50
Q

Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses (ICMC)

A

Immunity
Cancer
Metabolic diseases
CV disease

51
Q

Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses in immunity

A

Beta-glucans regulate the immune system increasing Th1 lymphocytes
They stimulate macrophages and NK cells
Reduces inflammation by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2

52
Q

Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses in cancer

A

Beta-glucans provide an anti-cancer benefit
Alleviates side effects of chemo
Anti-metastatic
Inhibits tumour growth

53
Q

Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses in CV diseases

A

Contains a protease that prevents clot formation
Reduces LDL cholesterol
Regulates angiotensin-aldosterone system

54
Q

Maitake - functions/therapeutic uses in metabolic diseases

A

Contains a proteoglycan that improves insulin sensitivity (diabetes/PCOS)

55
Q

Maitake - interactions

A

Potential additive side effect when combined with blood glucose lowering medications or supplements

56
Q

Which nutrient can improve the absorption of beta-glucans?

A

Vit C

57
Q

What are the key constituents of chaga?

A

Beta-glucans
Triterpenes
Ergosterol

58
Q

Chaga - functions/therapeutic uses (CI)

A

Cancer

Immunity

59
Q

Chaga - functions/therapeutic uses in immunity

A

Supports bone marrow activity
Proliferation of immune cells
Anti-viral
Anti-inflammatory

60
Q

Chaga - functions/therapeutic uses in cancer

A

AO
Induces cancer cell apoptosis
Offsets bone marrow-suppressing effects of chemo

61
Q

Chaga - interactions

A

Appears to inhibit platelet aggregation so caution with antiplatelet medications and before surgery
(e.g. warfarin)

62
Q

What are the important constituents of cordyceps?

A 
Polysaccharides
Cordycepin acid
Nucleotides
Ergosterol
Sterols
63
Q

Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses

A 
Kidney diseases
Liver diseases
CV diseases
Respiratory diseases
Fatigue/concentration
Reproductive diseases
Depression
64
Q

Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in kidney diseases

A 
Decreases proteinuria
Improves creatine clearance
Promotes regeneration of kidney tubular walls
Protects kidney from damage
Stimulates formation of erythrocytes
65
Q

Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in liver diseases

A

Improves hepatocyte function
Decreases formation of fibrotic tissue in liver cirrhosis
Improves liver function in hep B and C

66
Q

Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in CV diseases

A 
Anti-inflammatory
Acts as a cardiotonic (helping with arrhythmias)
Increases nitric oxide production
Relaxes vascular walls (lowering BP)
Anti-thrombotic properties
67
Q

Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in respiratory diseases

A

Improves respiratory function in asthma, chronic bronchitis and COPD
Reduces inflammation
Strengthens the immune system
Anti-viral

68
Q

Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in fatigue/concentration

A

Adenosine content provides extra energy

Improves learning capacity and memory

69
Q

Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in reproductive diseases

A

Enhances fertility and libido
Increases testosterone production in men (impotency)
Upregulates ovarian hormone production in women (regulating menstrual cycle)

70
Q

Cordyceps - functions/therapeutic uses in depression

A

MAO inhibitor leading to increased dopamine and serotonin

improving mood

71
Q

Cordyceps - interactions

A

Immunostimulatory effects may interfere with immunosuppressant drugs
Caution with hormone dependent cancers
(due to influence on reproductive hormones)

Nutrition 1 (Semester II) (16 decks)

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