15.7 Urine And Diagnosid

Question 1

What happens in a females body when they become pregnant

Answer 1

The developing placenta site begins to produce the chemical - hCG
Human chlorionic gonadotropin
Which can then be found in the urine of the mother

Question 2

How do we now make monocolomal antibodies to detect the hCG chemical in urine

Answer 2

Mouse is injected with hCG and the mouse makes antibodies
The B cells that make the antibodies are removed from the mouse and fused with myeloma (cancer cell)
To make a hybridoma
This hybridoma reproduces rapidly resulting in monoclonal antibodies

Question 3

What are the first 2 stages of a pregnancy test

Answer 3

The first urine passed in the morning is soaked on wick

If the woman is pregnant then the monoclonal antibodies will bind to the hCG with their coloured bead heads

Question 4

What happens when the monoclonal antibodies bind to the hCG

Answer 4

A hCG/antibody complex is formed and the urine continues to travel to the test window
Here there are immobilised monoclonal antibodies that only bind to hCG/antibody complexes
And a coloured line will form

Question 5

What happens at the second window of a pregnancy test abs why is it used

Answer 5

There is a line of immobilised monoclonal antibodies that binds only to mobile antibodies regardless if there have hCG or not
A coloured line will form regardless if Woman is prevent to indicate the test worked

Question 6

What are anabolic steroids

Answer 6

Drugs that mimic testosterone and stimulate muscle growth

They are excrete in the urine

Question 7

What happens to drugs in the body

Answer 7

They are filtered through the kidneys and stored in the bladder

Question 8

How is urine used to check that drugs are in the body or not

Answer 8

2 sample of urine are needed
First tested by immunoassay which uses monoclonal antibodies to bind to the drugs
If first test is positive then the second test uses gas chromatography or a mass spectrometer to confirm its presence