2.1- explain forms of social control

Question 1

Define social control

Answer 1

Persuade/force people to conform to norms/laws/expectations, to enable society to function smoothly

Question 2

Define internal forms of social control

Answer 2

Controls from within ourselves (self control)

Question 3

How do internal forms of social control work

Answer 3

Lead us to conform to norms/rules of society as we feel its the right thing to do
Our conscience regulates our behaviour
We internalise our thoughts- right from wrong

Question 4

Examples of internal forms of social control

Answer 4

Superego
Tradition/culture
Socialisation
Rational ideology

Question 5

Explain the Freud link for internal forms of social control

Answer 5

Psychoanalytic theory- id, ego and superego
Tell us right from wrong- guilt when we don’t behave
Develop in early socialisation
Id= impulsive/animal instinct
Superego develops= more self control

Question 6

Explain tradition and culture as a form of internal social control with an example

Answer 6

Becomes part of us through socialisation
We accept norms/tradition as part of our identity so we can be accepted by community
(Muslim tradition of fasting)

Question 7

Explain socialisation as a form of internal social control

Answer 7

We internalise rules from those we socialise with so they become our own (parents/teachers)
Superego/traditions start from outside things such as parents

Question 8

Explain rational ideology as a form of internal social control

Answer 8

We internalise social rules, make rational decisions based on what we feel is right/wrong (feeling anxious about something may stop you doing it), helps us be law abiding

Question 9

Define external forms of social control

Answer 9

Features of society/groups in society that ensure we conform to social rules/morals

Question 9

What’s the case study/2 people who are used for rational ideologyand what did they say

Answer 9

Clark and Cornish- say crime is rational choice, purpose/intention of benefiting offender

Question 10

Examples of types of external forms of social control

Answer 10

Agencies of social control
Criminal justice system
Coercion
Fear of punishment

Question 11

What are agencies of social control

Answer 11

Organisations/institutions that impose rules for us to obey such as expectations
Make us behave in certain way

Question 12

How does the criminal justice system act as an external form of social control

Answer 12

Use formal legal sanctions to ensure conformity of laws
Also use positive sanctions (privileges for good behaviour)

Question 13

Examples of agencies of social control and what they do

Answer 13

Police- powers under PACE
Judges/magistrates- sentence guilty, bail
Prison service- detain prisoners, offer further punishment
CPS- charge/prosecute suspects

Question 14

Explain coercion as a form of external social control with example

Answer 14

Change someone’s behaviour using threat/force (physical/psychological)
E.g. suspended sentence

Question 15

Explain fear of punishment as a form of social control with example

Answer 15

Is what coercive control relys on, acts as deterrent
E.g. fear of prison, deprivation of freedom

Question 16

What theory links to fear of punishment

Answer 16

Right realism- say threat of prison is enough to deter them

Question 17

What are the aims of control theories

Answer 17

Consider why people commit crime, what stops them, why they are conforming to rules

Question 18

Name 3 control theories

Answer 18

• travis hirschi (social bond theory)
• parenting
• feminism

Question 19

Explain travis hirschis social bond theory

Answer 19

Says people are controlled by their bond to society, more likely to be deviant when bond with society broken/weakened
Says delinquency is influenced by 4 factors
- attachment
- commitment
- involvement
- belief

Question 20

Explain the 4 influences of delinquency, stated by hirschi

Answer 20

Attachment- caring for others/respect= less likely to be criminal
Commitment- future/education/work- less likely to commit crime would lower social standing
Involvement- activities/clubs/groups= less likely to be criminal
Belief- that we are socialised to hold, believe crime is bad/cultural goals= not commit crime due to disapproval

Question 21

Explain parenting as a social control theory

Answer 21

Plays a role in beliefs/bond to society
Riley + shaw- lack of parent presence contribute to delinquency, only able to contain children if consistently present
Parenting is influential

Question 22

Walter reckless containment theory

Answer 22

He looks at why people obey law given pressures/pulls of society
May people are immune to pulls due to:
- inner containment- family/upbringing (goal orientation)
- outer containment- peers/laws/parent discipline

Question 23

Explain feminism as a social control theory

Answer 23

Female offender numbers lower than male- control of women make it harder to offend (domestic chores leave little time)
Female offenders may have failed to form attachment to parent