15.2- ETHANOL PRODUCTION Flashcards
Why are alcohols very important in industrial chemistry?
as they are used as intermediates
Why are alcohols used intermediates?
easily made + easily converted into other compound
What is methanol made from?
methane (natural gas)
What is methanol increasingly being used as?
starting material to make other organic chemicals
What is by far the most important alcohol?
ethanol, C2H5OH
What is ethanol used as? (hint- intermediate)
intermediate in manufacture of other organic chemicals
How is ethanol used in everyday life?
solvents in cosmetics, i.e. aftershave + perfume
What is ethanol used in the manufacture of? (4)
drugs
detergents
inks
coatings
How is ethanol industrially made?
reacting ethene with stream, using catalyst of phosphoric acid
How else is ethanol made?
from sugars by fermentation, as in production of alcoholic drinks
About how much ethanol does beer have?
5%
About how much ethanol does wine have?
12%
About how much ethanol do spirits such as gin + whisky contain?
40%
How is ethanol concentrated in alcoholic drinks?
by distillation
How is ethene produced?
when crude oil fractions are cracked
What is done to ethene to make ethanol?
ethene hydrated
Equation for making ethanol from ethene
CH2=CH2 + H2O -> C2H5OH
phosphoric acid catalyst
What happens to carbohydrates during fermentation?
carbohydrates from plants broken down into sugars + then converted into ethanol by action of enzymes from yeast
Where do the carbohydrates used to make ethanol come from?
crops such as sugar cane + sugar beet
What is the key step in the breakdown of sugar?
anaerobic respiration
Equation for making ethanol by fermentation
C6H12O6 (aq) -> 2C2H5OH (aq) + 2CO2 (g)
What is the rate of anaerobic respiration affected by?
affected by temperature
At what temperature is anaerobic respiration slow?
low temperatures
Why should the temperature not be too high during anaerobic respiration?
enzymes made ineffective
