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C15- ALCOHOLS > 15.2- ETHANOL PRODUCTION > Flashcards

15.2- ETHANOL PRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Why are alcohols very important in industrial chemistry?

A

as they are used as intermediates

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2
Q

Why are alcohols used intermediates?

A

easily made + easily converted into other compound

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3
Q

What is methanol made from?

A

methane (natural gas)

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4
Q

What is methanol increasingly being used as?

A

starting material to make other organic chemicals

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5
Q

What is by far the most important alcohol?

A

ethanol, C2H5OH

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6
Q

What is ethanol used as? (hint- intermediate)

A

intermediate in manufacture of other organic chemicals

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7
Q

How is ethanol used in everyday life?

A

solvents in cosmetics, i.e. aftershave + perfume

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8
Q

What is ethanol used in the manufacture of? (4)

A

drugs
detergents
inks
coatings

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9
Q

How is ethanol industrially made?

A

reacting ethene with stream, using catalyst of phosphoric acid

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10
Q

How else is ethanol made?

A

from sugars by fermentation, as in production of alcoholic drinks

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11
Q

About how much ethanol does beer have?

A

5%

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12
Q

About how much ethanol does wine have?

A

12%

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13
Q

About how much ethanol do spirits such as gin + whisky contain?

A

40%

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14
Q

How is ethanol concentrated in alcoholic drinks?

A

by distillation

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15
Q

How is ethene produced?

A

when crude oil fractions are cracked

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16
Q

What is done to ethene to make ethanol?

A

ethene hydrated

17
Q

Equation for making ethanol from ethene

A

CH2=CH2 + H2O -> C2H5OH

phosphoric acid catalyst

18
Q

What happens to carbohydrates during fermentation?

A

carbohydrates from plants broken down into sugars + then converted into ethanol by action of enzymes from yeast

19
Q

Where do the carbohydrates used to make ethanol come from?

A

crops such as sugar cane + sugar beet

20
Q

What is the key step in the breakdown of sugar?

A

anaerobic respiration

21
Q

Equation for making ethanol by fermentation

A

C6H12O6 (aq) -> 2C2H5OH (aq) + 2CO2 (g)

22
Q

What is the rate of anaerobic respiration affected by?

A

affected by temperature

23
Q

At what temperature is anaerobic respiration slow?

A

low temperatures

24
Q

Why should the temperature not be too high during anaerobic respiration?

A

enzymes made ineffective

25
Q

What is the compromise temperature used for anaerobic respiration? (making ethanol by fermentation)

A

35°C- little below our body temperature

26
Q

Why is air kept out of the fermentation vessels? (making ethanol by fermentation)

A

prevent oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid (acid in vinegar)

27
Q

What happens once the fermenting solution contains about 15% ethanol?

A

enzymes unable to function + fermentation stops

28
Q

How can the ethanol be removed from the mixture after the fermentation stops? (making ethanol by fermentation)

A

ethanol may be distilled from mixture by fractional distillation as its boiling temp (78°C) less than water (100°C)

29
Q

What is the rate of reaction like for cracking and hydration? (ethanol production)

A

fast

30
Q

What is the rate of reaction for fermentation + distillation like? (ethanol production)

A

slow

31
Q

What type of process is cracking + hydration? (ethanol production)

A

continuous

32
Q

What types of process is fermentation + distillation? (ethanol production)

A

batch

33
Q

What is the purity like when ethanol is produced from cracking + hydration?

A

essentially pure

34
Q

What is the purity like when ethanol is produced from fermentation + distillation?

A

aqueous solution of ethanol produced

35
Q

Why is ethene a vital industrial chemical?

A

starting material for poly(ethene) + many other important chemicals

36
Q

How can ethene be produced from ethanol?

A

dehydrating ethanol made from sugar, giving renewable source of ethene

37
Q

At present how Is ethene made?

A

from crude oil + then converted into ethanol

38
Q

What is a more economical way to produce ethene?

A

from ethanol made by fermenatation

C15- ALCOHOLS (3 decks)

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