1.5.1 - The Concept of Hazards

Question 1

Define ‘geophysical’

Answer 1

Driven by the Earth’s own internal energy earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis (tectonic)

Question 2

Define ‘atmospheric’

Answer 2

Driven by big processes that work in the atmosphere e.g. tropical storms and droughts (weather/ climatic)

Question 3

Define ‘hydrological’

Answer 3

Driven by water bodies e.g. floods

Question 4

Response times have been reduced by what?

Answer 4

Automatic Disaster Analysis and Mapping (ADAM)

Question 5

Define ‘fatalism’

Answer 5

Fatalism is doing nothing or take acceptance that hazards are natural events that we can do little to control and losses have to be accepted.

Question 6

What is a hazard?

Answer 6

A hazard is the threat of substantial loss of life, substantial impact upon life or damage to property that can be caused by an event.

Question 7

Impacts of Earthquakes

Answer 7

• Buildings collapse
• Loss of life
• Loss of jobs
• People being trapped

Question 8

Impacts of Flooding

Answer 8

• Stranded on upper floors
• People drowning
• Diseased water (cholera)
• Rural areas worst affected by

Question 9

Impacts of Wildfires

Answer 9

• Loss of food/ vegetation
• People burning
• Lower air quality
• Animal habitats destroyed

Question 10

Impacts of Drought

Answer 10

• Lack of water
• Loss of life

Question 11

List the four parts of the hazard management cycle:

Answer 11

• Preparedness
• Response
• Recovery
• Mitigation

Question 12

List the four sections of the ‘Park Model’

Answer 12

• Pre
• Relief
• Rehabilitation
• Reconstruction

Question 13

List the four sections of the ‘Park Model’

Answer 13

• Pre
• Relief
• Rehabilitation
• Reconstruction

Question 14

Asthenosphere

Answer 14

The upper mantle layer of the Earth. It is semi-molten and approximately 2000km wide.

Question 15

Continental Crust

Answer 15

Crust that forms the continents of the lithosphere, on average 35km thick.

Question 16

Hazard Management Cycle

Answer 16

The sequence of governance of a natural hazard: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation.

Question 17

Lithosphere

Answer 17

The upper crust of the Earth (average thickness = 100km).

Question 18

Oceanic Crust

Answer 18

Crust, usually thinner than continental crust, that forms the sea floor. It is on average 7km thick.

Question 19

Park’s Model

Answer 19

A model describing the decline and recovery of a country over time, following a natural disaster.

Question 20

Partial Melting

Answer 20

Elements within the lithosphere have different melting points, and so rock is partially melted, partially solid.

Question 21

Define ‘fatalism’

Answer 21

The belief that hazards are uncontrollable, so any losses should be accepted and mitigation is unnecessary.