15.1 the chemistry of the haloalkanes

Question 1

give 3 examples of nucleophiles

Answer 1

:OH-
H2O:
:NH3

Question 2

what is a nucleophile?

Answer 2

electron pair donor

Question 3

nucleophilic substitution is the characteristic mechanism for which functional groups?

Answer 3

alcohols
haloalkane
amines

Question 4

draw the nucleophilic mechanism for the hydrolysis of chloroethane

Answer 4

page 231

Question 5

what do curly arrows show?

Answer 5

movement of electron pairs

Question 6

which carbon- halogen bond is the strongest?

Answer 6

C-F

Question 7

which carbon- halogen bond is the weakest?

Answer 7

C-I

Question 8

how can you measure the rate of hydrolysis of primary haloalkane?

Answer 8

1. add ethanol and 2 drops of each halide to each test tube
2. put in water bath at 60c
3. add Ag+(aq) ions
4. the slower the haloalkane forms the stronger the carbon-halogen bond

Question 9

explain why a carbon- halogen bond is polar

Answer 9

• halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon atoms

- electrons in the carbon- halogen bond are attracted towards the halogen making the bond polar