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CP: 1.5 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) > 1.5.1 Diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder > Flashcards

1.5.1 Diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is OCD?

Obsessions

A

Recurring persistent thoughts or images that are intrusive and cause high levels of anxiety.

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2
Q

What is OCD?

Compulsions

A

Repetitive behaviours (e.g. handwashing or checking the order of something) or mental acts (such as counting or repeating words).

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3
Q

What is OCD?

OCD

A

Characterised by the presence of persistent obsessions or compulsion.

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4
Q

What is OCD?

What do the obsessions (anxiety) lead to?

A

The compulsions (relief).

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5
Q

What is OCD?

Example of OCD

A

Fear of illness = excessive handwashing.

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6
Q

What is OCD?

What age do most people get diagnosed with OCD?

A

In older teens or as young adults.

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7
Q

Diagnosis

Criteria for an OCD diagnosis

A
  1. Recognise the obsessions/compulsions are excessive and unreasonable.
  2. Obsessions/compulsions take up more than 1 hour per day.
  3. OCD interferes with life, such as job, school and relationships.
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8
Q

Diagnosis

What is a less common behaviour of OCD?

A

Camouflaging.

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9
Q

Rapoport (1989) - Example of OCD

Aim

A

To investigate OCD in a teenage patient, including efficacy of drug treatments.

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10
Q

Rapoport (1989) - Example of OCD

Method

A

Case study.

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11
Q

Rapoport (1989) - Example of OCD

Participant

A

Charles, 14-year-old boy who was obsessed with stickiness; compulsive washing took many hours a day.

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12
Q

Rapoport (1989) - Example of OCD

Procedure

A

EEG and prescribed the drug clomipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant).

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13
Q

Rapoport (1989) - Example of OCD

How effective were the treatments?

A
  • EEG caused Charles to spend all night washing due to the stickiness of the electrodes.
  • 4 weeks after starting clomipramine, he poured/touched honey.
  • Relapsed 12 months in, due to tolerance, but symptoms stayed reduced.
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14
Q

Rapoport (1989) - Example of OCD

Conclusions

A

Clomipramine is effective in the short-term, but maintenance doses are required to prevent relapse.

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15
Q

Rapoport (1989) - Example of OCD

Strengths

A

Qualitative data = open questions allowed a detailed insight.

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16
Q

Rapoport (1989) - Example of OCD

Criticisms

A

Ungeneralisable = case study is not representative or applicable.

17
Q

Measures of OCD

What are the 2 common measures of OCD?

A
  • MOCI
  • Y-BOCS
18
Q

MOCI - Measures of OCD

Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI)

A

Short assessment tool with 30 items, scored as either ‘true’ or ‘false’.

Assesses symptoms related to checking, washing, slowness and doubting.

Produces score from 0-30.

19
Q

MOCI - Measures of OCD

Sample items from MOCI

A

Checking: I frequently have to check things (e.g. gas or water taps, doors etc.) several times.

Doubting: I have a very strict conscience.

20
Q

Y-BOCS - Measures of OCD

The Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS)

A

Designed to measure the severity and nature of symptoms.

Used as part of a semi-structured interview, with 10 items measuring symptom severity (mild to extreme) on a 5-point scale (0-4).

Patients are able to rate the time they spend on obsessions, how hard they are to resist and how much stress they can cause.

Lasts for around 30 minutes.

An accompanying 67-item symptom checklist can be used to diagnose OCD type, with groups such as aggressive obsessions, sexual obsession, ordering obsessions etc.

21
Q

Y-BOCS - Measures of OCD

Sample items from Y-BOCS

A

How much of your time is occupied by obsessive thoughts?

22
Q

Measures of OCD

Strengths of Y-BOCS & MOCI

A
  • Good test/retest reliability = 4 interviewers assessed 40 people with OCD and agreed excellently using Y-BOCS.
  • Useful = way of measuring OCD to help patients.
  • Sensitive = better than a yes/no questionnaire since it has a likert-type scale.
23
Q

Measures of OCD

Criticisms

A
  • Self-report/subjective = depends on the patient or interviewer filling it in.
  • Quantitative data = no qualitative explanations.
  • Low validity = hard to report symptoms in ‘last week’ if they were different each day.

CP: 1.5 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (3 decks)

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