150 Test Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
A
To have more gold and spices to get rich with
2
Q
Virginia Company
A
Company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown
3
Q
Jamestown
A
First English Settlement in America
4
Q
John Smith
A
1st governor of Jamestown for the first 2 years
5
Q
Pocahontas
A
Native American woman that married John Rolfe and went to the colonial settlement at Jamestown
6
Q
John Rolfe
A
first succeeded the making of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia.
7
Q
Tobacco
A
Saved Jamestown
8
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion
A
People had shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast
9
Q
Plymouth Colony
A
Colony of pilgrims
10
Q
Pilgrims
A
Separatists who came to colonies for religious freedom
11
Q
Mayflower
A
The ship the pilgrims sailed in to get to the “new world”
12
Q
Mayflower Compact
A
first governing document of the pilgrims
13
Q
William Bradford
A
Leader of the pilgrims for over 30 years
14
Q
Squanto and Samoset
A
Two NA’s that befriended some pilgrims and showed them how to grow crops
15
Q
Puritans
A
Protestants who wanted reform
16
Q
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A
Colony based on the Bible
17
Q
John Winthrop
A
The groups governer
18
Q
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
A
Formed Rhode Island
19
Q
Salem Witch Trials
A
Series of hearing and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many were falsely accused and killed
20
Q
William Penn
A
A quaker that write Pennsylvanias constitution
21
Q
Quakers
A
Tolerant in other people’s beliefs
22
Q
Pacifists
A
People who refuse to fight in wars or use force
23
Q
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
A
First governor of Georgia
24
Q
First Great Awakening
A
religious movement among American colonial Protestants in the 1730s and 1740s
25
Triangular Trade
System in which slaves,crops,and goods were traded between Africa,the Caribbean,and American colonies
26
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
All were presented by and suggested by Benjerman Franklin for political purposes
27
John Peter Zenger Trial
a New York printer and was an important step toward this most precious freedom for American colonists
28
Cause of French and Indian War
Failure of the Albany Plan of Union
29
Proclamation of 1763
Great Britain signs this which halted Western Expansion by settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to appease the NA's
30
The Sugar Act
Loward the tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling
31
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies
32
The Boston Massacre
Fight breaks out between townspeople and British soldiers and 5 people dead in the end
33
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty and got on a trading ship and unloaded all the tea into Boston Harber
34
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
These acts closed BH until the tea was paid for
35
Patrick Henry
Governor of Virginia
36
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Leader of this group
37
John Hancock
Patriot of the American Revolution
38
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
He called for the colonies to have complete independence from GB
39
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
July 4, 1776
National Archives
Thomas Jefferson
stated certain ideals that the colonists believed were important for man to have, such as liberty and equality
40
Cause of American Revolutionary War
British government decided to make the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War
41
Loyalists
People that remain loyal to Britain
42
Patriots
People who favored independence
43
Battles of Lexington and Concord
first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.
44
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war
45
Winter at Valley Forge
Time of terrible suffering without decent food,clothing or shelter for Washington and his troops
46
Battle of Yorktown
Where the British surrendered to the US
47
Benedict Arnold
General in the ARW
48
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
49
Marquis de La Fayette
French military officer
50
Friedrich von Steuben
American military officer
51
Francis Marion
military officer who served in the American Revolutionary War
52
guerrilla warfare
Hit and run
53
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the F and I war
54
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States
55
Articles of Confederation
an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution
56
Shays Rebellion
armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787
57
The Great Compromise
provided a dual system of congressional representation
58
The 3/5 Compromise
compromise reached between state delegates during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention
59
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison
1787
national government and divides power between the federal government and the states
60
Bill of Rights
first ten amendments to the US Constitution
61
1st Amendment
freedom of speech,press,assembly,religion,and petition
62
2nd Amendment
Right to own firearms
63
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
64
5th Amendment
Natural rights can't be deprived without due to process of law
65
6th Amendment
Right to speedy,public trial by an important jury
66
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative-makes laws
Executive-carries out laws
Jewishal-questions the laws
67
Whiskey Rebellion
Civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal gov't
68
Alexander Hamilton
Sec. of Tresuary
69
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien-allowed president to deport aliens
| Sedition-crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the gov't
70
John Sevier
American soldier and politician
71
Natchez Trace
Important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville
72
Marbury v Madison
Landmark court case that established judicial review
73
Judicial review
Court can nullify actions of other branches
74
McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court case over states rights
75
Election of 1800
first time that power in America passed from one party to another
76
Louisiana Purchase
acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803
77
Lewis and Clark Expedition
first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States
78
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 June 1807, between the British warship HMS Leopard and the American frigate USS Chesapeake
79
War Hawks from the War of 1812
John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay
80
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
The British burn Washington, DC in retaliation for the burning of York
The Battle of Fort McHenry was fought September 13/14, 1814, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Having defeated Napoleon in early 1814 and removed the French emperor from power, the British were able to turn their full attention to the war with the United States
battle fought in New Orleans where the Americans, and Jean Lafitte and his pirates, all under the command of General Andrew Jackson, defeated the British
81
The Star Spangled Banner
The lyrics come from " Defence of Fort M'Henry", a poem written on September 14, 1814 by Francis Scott Key
82
Monroe Doctrine
United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823
83
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
People left Ireland because they needed new fertile soil to farm
84
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
women's rights movement
85
Industrial Revolution
transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840
86
Capitalism
economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit
87
Free Enterprise System
economic system where a government places very few restrictions on the types of business activities or ownership
88
Supply and Demand
amount of a commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it
89
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton or tobacco
90
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
Picked the seeds out of cotton faster
| greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber
91
Urban vs Rural
Urban-cities
| Rural-villages
92
Wilderness Road
two principal routes used by colonial and early national era settlers to reach Kentucky from the East
93
Daniel Boone
American pioneer
94
Cumberland Gap
Daniel Boone was hired to blaze a trail beginning in Southwest Virginia through Cumberland Gap known as the Wilderness Road
95
The Corrupt Bargain
Clay, the Speaker of the House at the time, convinced Congress to elect Adams, who then made Clay his Secretary of State
96
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Practice of replacing gov't employees with the winning candidates supporters
97
Indian Removal Act
law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands.
98
Trail of Tears
Relocation and Movement of Cherokee from GA to DK
99
Sequoyah
creator of the Cherokee writing system
100
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Shortest presidency-32 days
101
Manifest Destiny
Belief the America should extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean
102
Texas Rebellion
Stephen F. Austin recruited 300 American families to help him settle land in Mexico
103
The Alamo – battle significance
Defenders of the Alamo bought the Texans some much needed time
104
Davy Crockett
Backwoods man from TN who volunteered to fight at the Alamo
105
Oregon Trail
Used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest
106
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
Declared independence in Mexico in 1836
107
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
In February 1848, the two countries signed the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. The treaty recognized Texas as a U.S. state, and ceded a large chunk of land — about half the area that belonged to the Mexican republic — to the United States for the cost of $15 million.
108
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
Obtained land in Cali and it had more than doubled the worlds supply of gold
109
Brigham Young
American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement, politician, and a settler in the Western United States
110
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted
111
John Brown
militant abolitionist known for his raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859
112
Harriet Tubman
Helped save 600 slaves to lead them to freedom and is the conductor of the Underground Railroad
113
Underground Railroad
Where slaves would rest and to hide during the day and at night would leave and get closer to a free state
114
Frederick Douglass
Most well known AA abolitionists
115
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
anti-slavery novel
116
Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizens to catch runaway slaves in 1850
117
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US
118
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas became the first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery
119
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Senator Charles Sumner lashed out against those for slavery
| Rep. Preston Brooks walked into the senate chamber and hit Sumner with a cane
120
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
John Brown led 18 men on a raid to attack a weapon storage facility
121
Dred Scott v Sandford
Case that was held with Scott saying that he was born in a slave free state but brought into a slave state and then saying he has every right to go back and his owner Sandford is saying that he can't because he owns Scott as a slave and slaves can't go back then Sandford wins the case which divided the country even more
122
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
Topic was about slavery and Douglass won because of a narrow victory while Lincoln lost the election he gained positive national attention which later on lead him to the White House
123
Election of 1860
Lincoln promises not to disturb slavery where it all ready exists, but people in the South did not trust him
124
Causes of the Civil War
issue of slavery and political control
125
Fort Sumter
Norths facility and the south opens fire on all sides until the north surrendered
126
Ulysses S. Grant
General for the North
127
Robert E. Lee
Commander for the South
128
Stonewall Jackson
General for the south
129
First Battle of Bull Run
two months after Confederate troops opened fire on Fort Sumter to begin the Civil War, the northern press and public were eager for the Union Army to make an advance on Richmond ahead of the planned meeting of the Confederate Congress there on July 20.
130
Anaconda Plan
strategy for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War
131
54th Massachusetts
extensive service in the Union Army during the American Civil War
132
The Battle of Gettysburg
Lee plans this attack that he was hoping to create a panic and destroy the army
133
The Battle of Vicksburg
final major military action
134
Shermans March to the Sea
Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman led the Western army to Atlanta and after burning that place he began their "march" to Savannah, GA
135
Lee Surrendering to Grant
Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House
136
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in 1865
137
14th Amendment
Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the US including AA's in 1866
138
15th Amendment
Gave AA men the right to vote in 1870
139
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
Fords Theater
John Wilkes Booth
Petersen House
140
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
10% plan-forgiving on the south
| RR-wanted a harsher readmission process
141
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped AA's make the transition to freedom
142
Segregation
action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people
143
Jim Crow Laws
Laws the required AA's and whites to be separated in almost every place in the south
144
Ku Klux Klan
The STUPIDEST largest anti AA terroist group IN THE STUPID SOUTH(THX ALOT)
