1.5) The Large Data Set Flashcards
What is the northernmost UK weather station?
Leuchars
Example sentence: Leuchars is located in Scotland.
What is the northernmost English weather station?
Leeming
Example sentence: Leeming is located in North Yorkshire.
What is the westernmost UK weather station?
Camborne
Example sentence: Camborne is located in Cornwall.
Which weather station is closest to London?
Heathrow
Example sentence: Heathrow is located near London.
Which UK weather station is closest to the Isle of Wight?
Hurn
Example sentence: Hurn is located near the Isle of Wight.
In alphabetical order, what are the three overseas weather stations?
Beijing, Jacksonville, Perth
Example sentence: The overseas weather stations are listed alphabetically.
In what unit (and tenths) is the daily mean temperature measure in?
Degrees Celcius - average of the hourly temperature during a 24 hour period
Example sentence: The daily mean temperature is measured in degrees Celsius.
Between which times (at GMT) is the daily mean temperature measured?
09:00 to 09:00
Example sentence: The daily mean temperature is measured from 9:00 to 9:00 GMT.
What would be seen if no data was available for daily mean air temperature?
n/a
Between which times (at GMT) is the daily total rainfall measured?
09:00 to 09:00
Example sentence: The daily total rainfall is measured from 9:00 to 9:00 GMT.
What does a tr / trace value mean for daily total rainfall?
<0.05mm
Example sentence: A trace value for daily total rainfall is less than 0.05mm.
What unit is daily total rainfall measured in?
Millimetres
Example sentence: Daily total rainfall is measured in millimetres.
What would be seen if no data was available for daily total rainfall?
n/a
What is daily total sunshine measured in?
Nearest tenth of an hour (of bright sunshine)
Example sentence: Daily total sunshine is measured in hours.
What would be seen if no data was available for daily total sunshine?
n/a
What is daily maximum relative humidity a measure of?
How close the air is to being saturated with water vapour.
Example sentence: Daily maximum relative humidity indicates the saturation level of the air.
What is a relative humidity of 95% and above associated with?
Mist and fog.
Example sentence: Relative humidity above 95% is linked to mist and fog.
What would be seen if no data was available for daily maximum relative humidity?
n/a
What are wind speeds measured in?
Knots - unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour
Example sentence: Wind speeds are measured in knots.
What is one knot approximately equal to, in mph?
1.15 (mph)
Example sentence: One knot is roughly equivalent to 1.15 mph.
To how many degrees is the daily mean wind direction rounded?
(To the nearest) 10 (degrees)
Example sentence: The daily mean wind direction is rounded to the nearest 10 degrees.
What is the daily maximum gust direction?
The direction from which the wind was blowing during the maximum gust
Example sentence: The daily maximum gust direction indicates the wind’s direction during the strongest gust.
What is the daily maximum gust speed?
The highest instantaneous speed which occurred during the 24 hours on the date given
Example sentence: The daily maximum gust speed is the highest wind speed recorded within 24 hours.
What other type of direction is given for wind speeds?
Cardinal (compass) direction and bearings
Example sentence: Wind speeds are also provided in cardinal directions and bearings.
What would be seen if no data was available for wind speeds?
n/a
What is the name of the unit in which cloud cover is measured in?
Oktas
Example sentence: Cloud cover is measured in Oktas.
How much is an Okta?
One eighth
Example sentence: An Okta represents one eighth of the sky covered by clouds.
What is cloud cover?
The fraction of the celestial dome covered by cloud
Example sentence: Cloud cover represents the portion of the sky obscured by clouds.
How would visibility be defined at daytime?
The greatest distance at which an object can be seen and recognised in daylight
Example sentence: Visibility during the day is the maximum distance at which objects are visible under daylight conditions.
How would visibility be defined at nighttime?
The greatest distance at which an object can be seen and recognised if the general illumination were raised to daylight level
Example sentence: Nighttime visibility is the distance at which objects could be recognized under daylight-level illumination.
In which direction is visibility measured?
Horizontally
Example sentence: Visibility is measured horizontally.
What is visibility measured in?
Decametres
Example sentence: Visibility is measured in decametres.
What would be seen if no data was available for visibility?
-
From what level is the mean sea level pressure calculated?
Station level
Example sentence: Mean sea level pressure is calculated from the station level.
What was previously used as the unit of pressure?
Millibars
Example sentence: Millibars were previously used as the unit of pressure.
Which SI unit is currently used as the unit of pressure?
Hectopascals
Example sentence: Hectopascals are currently used as the unit of pressure.
What is one hectopascal equal to?
One millibar
Example sentence: One hectopascal is equivalent to one millibar.
Describe how air temperature is measured
By thermometers in a louvered screen 1.25 metres above short grass
Example sentence: Air temperature is measured using thermometers positioned in a specific way.
What are the exceptions to how air temperature and humidity is measured?
At some Weather Centre’s and Climate Data Logger stations from a non-standard roof top exposure
Example sentence: In certain cases, air temperature and humidity may be measured differently.
In British Summer Time, when do the 24 hour measuring periods start?
10:00
Example sentence: During British Summer Time, the 24-hour measuring periods begin at 10:00.
Daily Total Rainfall also includes
solid precipitation which is melted
Example sentence: Daily total rainfall accounts for both liquid and solid precipitation.
What device measures visibility,?
Visiometer
Example sentence: Visibility is measured using a visiometer.
Windspeed is measured from what time, over…?
00:00 GMT, 24 hours
Example sentence: Wind speed is measured starting from 00:00 GMT over a 24-hour period.
What are the categories for the Beaufort scale corresponding to 0, 1-3, 4 and 5 respectively?
Calm, Light, Moderate, Fresh
Example sentence: The Beaufort scale categories for windspeeds.
Give the range of windspeeds, in knots, for calm, light, moderate and fresh speeds respectively.
<1, 1-10, 11-16, 17-21
Example sentence: The range of windspeeds for each Beaufort scale category.
What are the only data recorded in overseas stations?
Daily mean: rainfall, temperature, pressure, windspeed
Example sentence: The specific data collected at overseas stations.
Coastal locations are typically
windier
Example sentence: Coastal locations experience higher wind speeds.
Northern locations are typically
colder
Example sentence: Northern regions generally have lower temperatures.
What should tr be taken as when calculating a mean?
0
Example sentence: tr should be taken as 0 when calculating a mean
What units are used to measure Daily Total Sunshine?
Recorded to nearest 1/10 of an hour
Shows the amount of bright sunshine recorded on the day of entry
Measured by an instrument that measures the amount of solar radiation exceeding a threshold
What does Daily Maximum Relative Humidity measure?
% of air saturation with water vapour
A measure of how close the air is to being saturated with water vapour
Relative humidities of above 95% are associated with mist and fog
How is Daily Mean Windspeed measured?
Knots (nautical miles per hour) / kn
Averaged over the 24 hours from 0000GMT on the date given
Also given on Beaufort Scale
Also listed as cardinal directions for UK locations
What are the Beaufort Scale Wind Speed Categories?
0 = Calm
1-3 = Light air / breeze
4 = Moderate
5 = Fresh
6 = Strong breeze
7 = Near gale
8 = Gale
9 = Strong gale
10 = Storm
11 = Violent storm
12 = Hurricane
None
How is Daily Maximum Gust measured?
Knots (nautical miles per hour) / kn
Maximum instantaneous speed
Occurs during 24 hours from 0000GMT on the date given
What units are used to measure Cloud Cover?
Eighths / Oktas
Fraction of the celestial dome (sky) covered by cloud.
How is Visibility measured?
Decametres / Dm
Greatest horizontal distance at which an object can be seen and recognised in daylight
Measured using visiometer at automatic sites/observers at manual stations/non-standard roof top exposure.
What units are used to measure Mean Pressure?
In hectopascals (hPa)
Mean sea level pressure
Calculated from a measurement made at station level
One hectopascal (hPa) = 1 millibar (mb).
What is the typical value range for Pressure?
988-1038 hPa
None
What is the issue with a Small Sample from One Location in Each Country?
Doesn’t provide enough evidence to prove statements
None
