1.5 Plants Flashcards
Recall that all plants are autotrophs, and are able to absorb light energy to drive photosynthesis Understand some of steps in adaptation of plants to life on dry land Recall characteristics of the 4 main plant groups
plants are autotrophs
they manufacture food molecules from simple, inorganic sources by the process of photosynthesis using light as an energy source
plants have
- chlorophyll
- definite cellulose cell wall
chlorophyll
light-absorbing pigment
plant phyla
algae
mosses
ferns
seed plants
seed plant features:
- proper roots, stems, leaves vascular tissues, waterproof covering
- gametes can be transferred without moisture film
seed plant classes
gymnosperms (conifers)
angiosperms (flowering)
conifers
- colder climate
- needle-like leaves - thick cuticle > X lose water
- X insect pollination
- reproduce via cones
angiosperms
- > 80%
- flowers
- ovary
- endosperm
- fruits
- stomata
- waterproof cuticle
- vascular system
- special supporting tissues for roots
- extensive root systems
- xylem vessels
flowers
color, shape, pattern, scent, nectar
attracts
insects, birds, mammals
to pollinate
ovary
protects ovules & developing embryo fr dying out
endosperm
nutrient store for developing plant embryo
develops only after fertilization
fruits
formed fr ripened ovaries
shapes, colors, smells, textures
aid seed dispersal
by
wind, water, animals
stomata
has guard cells -
regulate:
water vapor loss
atmosphere/plant CO2/O2 exchange
waterproof cuticle
reduces water loss
vascular system
transports
water, ions, organic solures
specialized supporting tissues for roots
bc air has a low density, doesn’t offer same support as H2O
extensive root systems
anchor shoot systems
absorb water, ions
roots
form beneficial associations w other organisms
xylem vessels
no end walls
conduct H2O efficiently
angiosperm orders
monocotyledons
dicotyledons
monocotyledons
one cotyledon
one seed leaf
parallel veins
dicotyledons
two cotyledons
two seed leaves
branched veins
