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Biology > 1.3 Bacteria And Viruses > Flashcards

1.3 Bacteria And Viruses Flashcards

Know the Structure of a typical bacterial cell and typical virus Know the requirements for bacterial growth Know how bacteria reproduce Understand some ways bacteria and viruses affect human activities Understand why viruses don't fit into the five kingdoms of living organisms

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1
Q

bacteria

A

single-celled organisms

no true nucleus
no organelles (unlike plant/animal cells)

some photosynthesise
most are parasites
some are saprotrophs

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2
Q

parasites

A

feed off living organisms

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3
Q

saprotrophs

A

feed off dead organisms

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4
Q

size of bacteria

A

1-2 micrometres

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5
Q

cocci (singular coccus)

A

spherical bacteria

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6
Q

bacilli (singular bacillus)

A

rod-shaped bacteria

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7
Q

spirilli (singular spirillum)

A

spiral bacteria

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8
Q

bacteria cytoplasm

A

contains enzymes, food molecules

no organelles

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9
Q

bacteria glycogen grains

A

food store

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10
Q

slime coat

A

present in some bacteria

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11
Q

bacteria cell wall

A

no cellulose

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12
Q

bacteria plasmids

A

small DNA rings, carry only a few genes

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13
Q

bacteria main DNA strand

A

not in a nucleus

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14
Q

bacteria flagella (singular flagellum)

A

one or several beat to move bacterium

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15
Q

parts of bacterial cell

A 
slime coat (only some)
cell wall
cell membrane
flagella
cytoplasm (no organelles)
glycogen grains
plasmids
main DNA strand
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16
Q

binary fission

A

cells divide into two repeatedly to reproduce

17
Q

generation time

A

time for each cell to divide into two

18
Q

pathogenic bacteria

A

cause disease

all are parasites

19
Q

importance of bacteria

A

pathogenic
involved in nutrient cycles
used for food production, biotechnology

20
Q

viruses

A

don’t show typical living characteristics unless inside other living cells - i.e. parasite

harm hosts

21
Q

typical virus structure

A 
spikes (contact & recognize cell to be infected)
protein coat (protects nucleic acid. many subunits)
genetic material (DNA/RNA - single strand only)
22
Q

virus vs bacteria

A

covered by: protein coat // cell wall
cell membrane: no // yes
cytoplasm: no // yes
genetic material: DNA or RNA - only a few // DNA - enough for several hundred genes
living or non-living: not unless in host // living
nutrition: all are parasitic // parasite, photosynthesis, heterotrophs (like animals)

Biology (8 decks)

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