1.5 Operating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is an operating system?

A

Software that runs in the background of a computer system and acts as an interface between the user and important applications.

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2
Q

List any 5 functions of an OS.

A

Human computer interface, memory management, multiprogramming, file management and real-time processing.

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3
Q

What are kernels?

A

Kernels are the control centre of the operating system that deals with hardware operations.

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4
Q

What are the types of interfaces provided by an OS?

A

Graphical User Interface and Command line interface

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5
Q

From the storage drive, where is the program copied to for execution?

A

Random Access memory (RAM).

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6
Q

What is a program counter?

A

Program counter is the register that contains the location of the instruction that is to be executed next.

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7
Q

What happens when a process currently in a running state is interrupted?

A

CPU switches the process to a runnable state.

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8
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Splitting memory and allocating it to processes is called segmentation.

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9
Q

What are pages?

A

The memory is split into equally-sized blocks called pages, which can be allocated to processes.

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10
Q

What is a protocol?

A

Protocol is the code that describes the way data is transferred between an external device and computer.

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11
Q

What is a buffer?

A

Buffer is a temporary memory area, which holds the data for the output hardware.

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12
Q

What is a utility?

A

Utility is a program that is installed in a system alongside the operating system to perform a limited range of functions.

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13
Q

List a few maintenance utilities.

A

Backup, disk cleaner, disk-defragmentation and formatting.

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14
Q

List a few security utilities.

A

User accounts, encryption, anti-virus software and firewall.

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15
Q

What are the types of back-up?

A

Full backup, Incremental backup and Differential backup.

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16
Q

What is the advantage of disk-fragmentation?

A

Improves the file access times.

17
Q

What are the two type of software?

A

System software and application software.

18
Q

What is system software?

A

Software that is responsible for running hardware and managing computer systems.

19
Q

State examples for system software.

A

Operating system, device drivers and utility software.

20
Q

What is application software?

A

A software that enables user to perform a specific task.