Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Senior - ID 3 > 15 - Nematodes > Flashcards

15 - Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of nematodes?

A 
Unsegmented worms with
elongated rounded body
pointed at both ends;
mostly free-living but
some are parasitic  of
varying length.  Anatomic
structures include mouth,
gut and anus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MC nematodes?

A

world: (ascariasis)

US: (pinworm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intestinal nematodes?

A

Strongyloidiasis
Ascariasis
Hookworm
Enterobiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cutaneous larvae migrans?

A

Toxocariasis

Trichinosis (trichinellosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Strongyloidiasis is found?

A

Worldwide
- tropical and subtropical

S. USA
- rural/poor/institutional areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Strongyloidiasis lifecycle?

A

Infection
• Larvae in soil penetrates bare feet
• Travels via blood to lungs - trachea then swallowed
• Attaches to intestinal wall, matures and lays eggs

Autoinfection
• Eggs travel with feces
• Some turn into larvae and infect colon
• Larvae penetrates colon wall
• Travels via blood to lungs - trachea and swallowed
• Attaches to intestinal wall - may disseminate •

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Asymptomatic strongyloidiasis pts?

A

1/3 of patients are asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

strongyloidiasis s/s?

A

Gastrointestinal symptoms
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea

Pulmonary symptoms – Loeffler’s syndrome
• During pulmonary migration

Dermatologic manifestations
• Urticarial rashes

Disseminated strongyloidiasis

Eosinophilia
• Acute and chronic stages
• Absent with dissemination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

strongyloidiasis tests and diagnostics?

A

Microscopic infection of larvae

  • stool/duodenal fluid
  • enterotest string
  • duodenal aspiration

EIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

With strongyloidiasis (and really all parasite) testing___?

A

Serial samples are probably necissary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tx for strongyloidiasis?

A

Ivermectin (Stromectol)

Albendazole (Albenza)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2nd MC world wide worm?

A

Ancylostoma duodenal

Nectar americanus

(1 billion ppl infected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hookworm infection?

A
  • Larvae in soil penetrates bare feet
  • Travels (blood to lungs to trachea) then swallowed
  • Attaches to intestinal wall (upper small intestine)
  • Matures and sucks blood
  • Lives about 5 years and deposits 7000 eggs per day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

S/s of hookworms?

A 
“Ground itch” at site
Pneumonitis
Intestinal upset
IDA
Pica
Chronic protein malnutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MC s/s of hookworm?

A

Iron deficiency anemia
- N. Americanus 0.03 ml blood/day

  • a. Duodenal 0.2 ml blood/day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tests and diagnostics for hookworm?

A

Microscope (eggs)

  • americanus and duodenale are morphologically identical
  • larvae can differentiate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tx for hookworm?

A

3rd world
- doesn’t treat asymptomatic cases

Albendazole (albenza)
Mebendazole (vermox)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mc helminth ww?

A

Ascaria lumbricoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Largest intestinal nematode?

A

Ascariasis (15-35cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ascariasis lifecycle?

A 
Infection- fecal-oral
• Ingested eggs hatch into larvae 
• Larvae penetrates intestinal wall 
• Travels via blood to lungs 
• Then to trachea and swallowed 
• Back to intestinal lumen where it matures 
• Does not attach (jejunum and middle ileum) 
• Releases 200,000 eggs/day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ascariasis s/s?

A

Usually none

High burden:

  • abd pain
  • intestinal obstruction

Migrating wroms

  • symptomatic occlusion of the biliary tract
  • oral expulsion

Lung phase

  • cough
  • hemoptysis
  • dypsnea
  • loeffler’s syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ascariasis testing and diagnostics?

A

Microscopic exam of eggs in stool (MC)

Barium exam of intestines

23
Q

Tx for ascariasis

A

Albendazole

Mebendazole

24
Q

Human pinworm is aka?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

25
Q

Hosts for enterobiasis?

A

Only humans

26
Q

Size of enterobiasis?

A

Females - 8-13mm

Males - 2-5mm

27
Q

MC helminth infection in US?

A

Enterobiasis

Especially school kids

28
Q

Enterobiasis lifecycle?

A

Orally ingested eggs hatch into larvae

Then mature and reside in the colon (cecum)

After mating, female pinworms travel to the anus
• Usually at night – lay eggs (11,000/night)
• Pruritus ani

Eggs associated with:
• Hands (fingernails) 
• Night clothes/pajamas 
• Bedding 
• Air and dust
29
Q

Enterobiasis s/s?

A

Asymptomatic (go figure)

Perianal puritis (night)
Excoriations and bacterial super infection
Invasion of female genital tract 
- pelvic or peritoneal granulomas
Appendicitis or chronic salpingitis
30
Q

Tests for enterobiasis?

A

Microscopic exam

  • perianal area (AM)
  • before defecating and washing

Scotch tape test
- up to 5 may be required

31
Q

Tx for enterobiasis?

A

Mebendazole (vermox)

32
Q

Pt and fam education for enterobiasis?

A

Prevention of reinfection
Personal hygiene
Laundering of bedding

33
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is aka?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

34
Q

How does CLM transfer?

A

Penetrates the skin (like hookworm)

35
Q

with CLM, humans are?

A

Accidental host

36
Q

CLM is the MC ___?

A

Tropically acquired dermatosis

37
Q

S/c of CLM?

A

Intense prurititus

Erythematous - linear lesions that advance

38
Q

CLM diagnosis?

A

The classic appearance of the lesion

Slide 33

39
Q

Tx for CLM?

A

Albendazole
Ivermectin (stromectol)

Avoid going barefoot in endemic regions (so anywhere outside your bubble)

40
Q

Toxocariasis is?

A

Larvae of toxocara canis (dog roundworm)

41
Q

Toxocariasis causes?

A

Visceral larva migrans (VLM)

Ocular larva migrans (OLM)

42
Q

Lifecycle of toxocariasis?

A

Fecal-oral

Penetrate gut lumen - travel through body

43
Q

Toxicariasis s/s?

A

Usually asymptomatic or mild febrile illness

  • fever
  • wt loss
  • cough
  • wheezing
  • rashes
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • hypereosinopilia
  • ocular larva migrans (OLM)
  • opthalmologic lesions
  • leukokoria
44
Q

Toxocariasis is sometimes misdiagnosed as?

A

Retinoblastoma (leukokoria)

- leads to accidental surgical enucleation (removal of tumor)

45
Q

Toxocaris diagnosis?

A

NO O and P findings

Presumptivs/clinical dx

46
Q

Tx for toxocariasis?

A

Albendazole (albenza)

Mebendazloe (vermox)

47
Q

Trichinellosis is aka?

A

Trichionosis

48
Q

Trichinellosis comes from?

A

Eating carnivores (humans are accidental host)

49
Q

What doesnt prevent Trichinellosis?

A

Smoking
Salting
Drying

Does not kill the cysts

50
Q

Different types of trichinella spiralis?

A

T. Pseudospiralis - mammals/birds w/w

T. Nativa - arctic bears

T. Nelsoni - African predators

T. Britovi - carnivores of EU, W Asia

51
Q

S/s of trichinellosis?

A

Light infections are asymptomatic

Intestinal invasion
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting

Larval migration –invasive phase
• Periorbital and facial edema- 77%
• Conjunctivitis- 55%
• Fever- up to 104 F
• Myalgias/weakness- 88%
• Rash macular or petechial- 15-65%
• Splinter hemorrhages- 8%

Life-threatening manifestations
• Cardiac involvement- Myocarditis
• Central nervous system involvement- encephalitis, meningitis
• Pneumonia

52
Q

Trichinellosis diagnosis?

A 
Usually clinical
Eosinophilia during migratory phase
Antibody detection/EIA
Muscle biopsy
CT/MRI - 3-8mm nodules
53
Q

Tx for trichinellosis?

A

Steroids (severe)
Albendazole
Mebendazole

54
Q

Back in my day we played outside barefoot

A

And sneered at the idea of getting pinworms

Senior - ID 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions