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Senior - ID 3 > 14 - Trematodes > Flashcards

14 - Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of trematodes

A

Any flatworm of class trematoda

Includes
- external and internal parasites of animal hosts

Thick outer cuticle and one or more suckers or hooks for attaching to host tissue

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2
Q

Trematoes are aka?

A

Fluke

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3
Q

Trematpes are?

A

Parasitic or free living worms having a flattened body

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4
Q

Eosinophilia is not a consistent finding w trematoes, when do you find it?

A

Eosinophilia

  • not present w protozoa infections
  • present w migrating phase

No eosinophilia in the intestinal phase

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5
Q

Types of flukes?

A

Blood flukes (schistosomiasis)

Liver flukes

Lung flukes

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6
Q

Blood flukes?

A

Blood flukes (schistosomiasis)

  • S. Haematobium
  • S. Japonicum
  • S mansoni
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7
Q

Liver flukes?

A

Liver flukes

- fasciola hepatica

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8
Q

Lung flukes?

A

Lung flukes

- paragonimus westermani

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9
Q

Location of schistosomiasis? (In the body)

A

Blood flukes

S. Haematobium - vesicle plexus

S. Japonicum - superior mesenteric vein

S. Mansoni - inferior mesenteric vein

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10
Q

Unlike all the other hermaphrodites schistosoma spp has?

A

Male and female

The others are hermaphrodites

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11
Q

Locations where blood flukes are found?

A

S. Haematobium
- africa and M. East

S. japonicum
- far east

S. Mansoni
- S. America/caribbean, africa, M. East

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12
Q

S. Mansoni causes?

A

Ascitesis

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13
Q

Life cycle of schistosomiasis?

A

Eggs excreted form human

Mature outside the human
- infect snails

Penetrate human skin
- in water

Migrate through tissues

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14
Q

Schistosomiasis are excreted via?

A

Feces
- S. Japonicum and S. Mansoni

Urine
- S. Haematobium

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15
Q

Long term infections of s. Haematobium is associated with?

A

Bladder cancer

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16
Q

Where do schistosomiasis perfer to live?

A

In veins

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17
Q

S/s of schistosomiasis?

A

Acute schistosomiasis

Weeks later

  • fever
  • cough
  • abd pain
  • diarrhea
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • eosinophilia
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18
Q

What is katayma’s fever?

A

The acute schistosomiasis reaction

19
Q

What is serum sickness reaction?

A

Unknown sickness associated with schistosomiasis

20
Q

Tests and diagnostics for schistosomiasis?

A

Microscopic ID of eggs
- most practical method
Antibody detection
- good for management

21
Q

Best time to get a urine sample for S. Haematobium?

A

Between noon and 3pm

22
Q

Schistosomiasis tx?

A

Praziquantel (biltricide)

23
Q

What is fascioliasis?

A

Sheep liver fluke

24
Q

Where is fascioliasis found?

A

Where ever sheep and cattle are raised

Where ever humans consume raw watercress

  • europe
  • M. East
  • asia
25
Q

Fascioliasis life cycle?

A

Immature eggs – discharged in the biliary ducts
• Undergoes several developmental stages outside the body
• Excyst in the duodenum
• Migrate through the intestinal wall into the biliary ducts
• The adult flukes of F. hepatica: up to 30 mm

  • excyst - to emerge from a cyst
26
Q

Caprine liver?

A

Pic on slide 19

27
Q

Phases of fascioliasis?

A 
Acute phase  (months)
- migration

Chronic phase (adult in bile duct)

28
Q

Acute phase s/s? (fascioliasis)

A 
Abd pain
Fever
Diarrhea
Eosinophilia
Hepatosplinomegaly
Vomiting
Urticaria
29
Q

Chronic phase (fascioliasis) s/s?

A

Reflect intermittent biliary obstruction

Inflammation

30
Q

Tests/diagnostics for fascioliasis?

A

ID of eggs/adults

Antibody detection - FAST - ELISA

31
Q

Tx for fascioliasis?

A

Triclabendazole

32
Q

Paragonimiasis?

A

Lung fluke

33
Q

Species of paragonimiasis?

A

10+ species

- P. Westermani is MC

34
Q

Where is P. Westermani found?

A

Far east

35
Q

paragonimiasis infections may last?

A

20 yrs in humans

36
Q

Life cycle of paragonimiasis?

A

Unembryonated egg leaves human host
• Stool or sputum
• Matures – several steps in the environment
• Consumed by human host
• Inadequately cooked/pickled crab or crayfish
• Duodenum ⇒ intestinal wall ⇒ Diaphragm • Mature in lungs – adults
• 7.5 to 12 mm by 4 to 6 mm
• Eggs are ejected in sputum
• Swallowed and ejected in stool

37
Q

paragonimiasis are found in?

A

Crayfish

Mississippi
Missouri
Louisiana

38
Q

S/s of paragonimiasis? (Acute phase)

A 
Acute phase
• Invasion and migration
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Cough
• Urticaria
• Hepatosplenomegaly
• Pulmonary abnormalities
• Eosinophilia
39
Q

S/s of paragonimiasis?

Chronic phase

A 
Chronic phase
• Cough
• Discolored sputum
• Hemoptysis
• CXR abnormalities
40
Q

Tests and diagnostics for paragonimiasis?

A 
Diagnosis
- eggs stool/sputum
- biopsy
Complement fixation (CF)
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) 
- (tx tracking)
CXR (non-diagnostic)
41
Q

How long after infection will you find paragonimiasis?

A

2-3 months after infection

42
Q

Tx for paragonimiasis?

A

Praziquantel (biltricide)

43
Q

Next time you feel lonely

A

Remember there are flat worms that literally pierce their own heads with their penis to get pregnant

Senior - ID 3 (11 decks)

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