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Senior - ID 3 > 14 - Trematodes > Flashcards

14 - Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of trematodes

A

Any flatworm of class trematoda

Includes
- external and internal parasites of animal hosts

Thick outer cuticle and one or more suckers or hooks for attaching to host tissue

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2
Q

Trematoes are aka?

A

Fluke

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3
Q

Trematpes are?

A

Parasitic or free living worms having a flattened body

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4
Q

Eosinophilia is not a consistent finding w trematoes, when do you find it?

A

Eosinophilia

  • not present w protozoa infections
  • present w migrating phase

No eosinophilia in the intestinal phase

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5
Q

Types of flukes?

A

Blood flukes (schistosomiasis)

Liver flukes

Lung flukes

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6
Q

Blood flukes?

A

Blood flukes (schistosomiasis)

  • S. Haematobium
  • S. Japonicum
  • S mansoni
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7
Q

Liver flukes?

A

Liver flukes

- fasciola hepatica

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8
Q

Lung flukes?

A

Lung flukes

- paragonimus westermani

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9
Q

Location of schistosomiasis? (In the body)

A

Blood flukes

S. Haematobium - vesicle plexus

S. Japonicum - superior mesenteric vein

S. Mansoni - inferior mesenteric vein

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10
Q

Unlike all the other hermaphrodites schistosoma spp has?

A

Male and female

The others are hermaphrodites

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11
Q

Locations where blood flukes are found?

A

S. Haematobium
- africa and M. East

S. japonicum
- far east

S. Mansoni
- S. America/caribbean, africa, M. East

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12
Q

S. Mansoni causes?

A

Ascitesis

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13
Q

Life cycle of schistosomiasis?

A

Eggs excreted form human

Mature outside the human
- infect snails

Penetrate human skin
- in water

Migrate through tissues

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14
Q

Schistosomiasis are excreted via?

A

Feces
- S. Japonicum and S. Mansoni

Urine
- S. Haematobium

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15
Q

Long term infections of s. Haematobium is associated with?

A

Bladder cancer

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16
Q

Where do schistosomiasis perfer to live?

A

In veins

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17
Q

S/s of schistosomiasis?

A

Acute schistosomiasis

Weeks later

  • fever
  • cough
  • abd pain
  • diarrhea
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • eosinophilia
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18
Q

What is katayma’s fever?

A

The acute schistosomiasis reaction

19
Q

What is serum sickness reaction?

A

Unknown sickness associated with schistosomiasis

20
Q

Tests and diagnostics for schistosomiasis?

A

Microscopic ID of eggs
- most practical method
Antibody detection
- good for management

21
Q

Best time to get a urine sample for S. Haematobium?

A

Between noon and 3pm

22
Q

Schistosomiasis tx?

A

Praziquantel (biltricide)

23
Q

What is fascioliasis?

A

Sheep liver fluke

24
Q

Where is fascioliasis found?

A

Where ever sheep and cattle are raised

Where ever humans consume raw watercress

  • europe
  • M. East
  • asia
25
Fascioliasis life cycle?
Immature eggs -- discharged in the biliary ducts • Undergoes several developmental stages outside the body • Excyst in the duodenum • Migrate through the intestinal wall into the biliary ducts • The adult flukes of F. hepatica: up to 30 mm - excyst - to emerge from a cyst
26
Caprine liver?
Pic on slide 19
27
Phases of fascioliasis?
``` Acute phase (months) - migration ``` Chronic phase (adult in bile duct)
28
Acute phase s/s? (fascioliasis)
``` Abd pain Fever Diarrhea Eosinophilia Hepatosplinomegaly Vomiting Urticaria ```
29
Chronic phase (fascioliasis) s/s?
Reflect intermittent biliary obstruction Inflammation
30
Tests/diagnostics for fascioliasis?
ID of eggs/adults Antibody detection - FAST - ELISA
31
Tx for fascioliasis?
Triclabendazole
32
Paragonimiasis?
Lung fluke
33
Species of paragonimiasis?
10+ species | - P. Westermani is MC
34
Where is P. Westermani found?
Far east
35
paragonimiasis infections may last?
20 yrs in humans
36
Life cycle of paragonimiasis?
Unembryonated egg leaves human host • Stool or sputum • Matures -- several steps in the environment • Consumed by human host • Inadequately cooked/pickled crab or crayfish • Duodenum ⇒ intestinal wall ⇒ Diaphragm • Mature in lungs -- adults • 7.5 to 12 mm by 4 to 6 mm • Eggs are ejected in sputum • Swallowed and ejected in stool
37
paragonimiasis are found in?
Crayfish Mississippi Missouri Louisiana
38
S/s of paragonimiasis? (Acute phase)
``` Acute phase • Invasion and migration • Diarrhea • Abdominal pain • Fever • Cough • Urticaria • Hepatosplenomegaly • Pulmonary abnormalities • Eosinophilia ```
39
S/s of paragonimiasis? | Chronic phase
``` Chronic phase • Cough • Discolored sputum • Hemoptysis • CXR abnormalities ```
40
Tests and diagnostics for paragonimiasis?
``` Diagnosis - eggs stool/sputum - biopsy Complement fixation (CF) Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) - (tx tracking) CXR (non-diagnostic) ```
41
How long after infection will you find paragonimiasis?
2-3 months after infection
42
Tx for paragonimiasis?
Praziquantel (biltricide)
43
Next time you feel lonely
Remember there are flat worms that literally pierce their own heads with their penis to get pregnant

Senior - ID 3 (11 decks)

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