15. Metabolically Healthy Obese

Question 1

MHO and MUHO charaterizations

Answer 1

differences in body composition

• visceral fat
• more inflammation in adipocyte
• inflammasome and immune cells
• worse fitness performance

Question 2

metabolically unhealthy obese

- metabolites

Answer 2

visceral adipose tissue (VAT) increased metabolites:

1. IL-1B
   - pro inflammatory cytokine
2. NLRP3
   - inflammasome
   - coorelated with insulin resistance

*expression of these metabolites not increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue

Question 3

immune cell types in adipose tissue in MUHO

Answer 3

T cells (T regs) reduction in VAT

Question 4

Pro inflammatory cytokine

Answer 4

IL-1 beta (interleukin 1 beta)

• increases in VAT with MUHO
• produced by marcophages isolated from VAT

Question 5

Inflammasome

Answer 5

NLRP3

- increases in VAT with MUHO

Question 6

enzyme that proteolytically cleaves proteins forming pro inflammatory cytokines

Answer 6

caspase-1

• part of inflammasome
• drives pro inflammatory cytokine release
• IL-1 beta
• increased in VAT only with MUHO

Question 7

NLRP3 knockout

Answer 7

IL-1 beta and IL-18 reduction
- reduction in pro inflammatory cytokine production

need inflammasome to produce pro inflammatory cytokine

Question 8

omega 3 (DHA) and inflammasome

Answer 8

suppressed NLRP3 activation

• inflammasome activation
• IL-1 beta reduction
• needs NLRP3 to be present to have effect
• proves this is where it is acting

Question 9

omega 3 (DHA) other mechanisms of action

Answer 9

adiponectin

• reduced inhibition in high SFA diet
• restored impaired insulin action

Question 10

HIIT and mediteranian diet intervention

• both MHO and MUHO
• 9 month study

Answer 10

MUHO reduced by 17.91%
- changes MUHO to MHO

Improved

• body compostion
• blood pressure
• fasting blood glucose
• insulin sensitivity
• VO2 peak
• muscle endurance

Question 11

MHO relative risk

Answer 11

30-50% reduction mortality and morbidity