15 Introduction to the Central Nervous System

Question 1

The two parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

1. Brain - Cortex and Subcortex
2. Spinal Cord - Housed in the spinal column; sensory information enters the CNS via the dorsal portion of the spinal cord; motor commands exit the CNS via the ventral portion of the spinal cord

Question 2

Terms of orientation above the midbrain:
Anterior = ???

Answer 2

Rostral

Question 3

Terms of orientation above the midbrain:
Posterior = ???

Answer 3

Caudal

Question 4

Terms of orientation above the midbrain:
Superior = ???

Answer 4

Dorsal

Question 5

Terms of orientation above the midbrain:
Inferior = ???

Answer 5

Ventral

Question 6

Terms of orientation above the midbrain:
Lateral = ???

Answer 6

Towards the side

Question 7

Terms of orientation above the midbrain:
Medial = ???

Answer 7

Towards the midline

Question 8

Terms of orientation above the midbrain:
Ipsilateral = ???

Answer 8

On the same side

Question 9

Terms of orientation above the midbrain:
Contralateral = ???

Answer 9

On the opposite side

Question 10

Terms for slices of the brain:
Horizontal = ???

Answer 10

View of brain from above

Question 11

Terms for slices of the brain:
Coronal = ???

Answer 11

From behind, separate the front from the back.

Question 12

Terms for slices of the brain:
Sagittal = ???

Answer 12

The side cut.

Question 13

Where is the insular cortex hidden in?

Answer 13

The lateral sulcus.

Question 14

what are Gyri

Answer 14

Ridges in the brain

Question 15

what are sulci?

Answer 15

the grooves in the brain (Fissures)

Question 16

What is the longitudinal fissure?

Answer 16

A fissure that separates the two hemifields

Question 17

What is the lateral sulcus?

Answer 17

The sulcus separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.

Question 18

What is the central sulcus?

Answer 18

Separates the temporal love from the frontal and parietal lobe.

Question 19

How many gyri does the frontal love have?

Answer 19

3, superior, middle, inferior

Question 20

How many gyri does the temporal lobe have?

Answer 20

3, superior, middle and inferior gyri

Question 21

Parietal lobe major gyri and sulci

Answer 21

post central gyrus
intraparietal sulcus (IPS) separates the superior and inferior portion of the parietal lobe.

Question 22

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 22

Main fibre tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 23

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 23

large structure attached to the dorsal aspect of the brain stem?

Question 24

Subcortical structures

Answer 24

Thalamus and basal ganglia

Question 25

What is the Thalamus

Answer 25

relaying sensory and motor signals, as well as regulation of consciousness and alertness.

Question 26

What is the basal ganglia and its three main structures

Answer 26

The “basal ganglia” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviours, and emotions.

• Caudate Nucleus
• Putamen
• Globus pallidus

Question 27

3 brain stem structures

Answer 27

1. Midbrain
   a) Superior Colliculi
   b) Inferior colliculi
2. Pons
3. Medulla

Question 28

4 Major divisions in the ventricular system (cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 28

• Lateral Ventricles
• IIIrd ventricle
• Cerebral aqueduct
• IVth ventrical

Question 29

What is white matter?

Answer 29

Axons: myelin is white

Question 30

What is grey matter?

Answer 30

Cell bodies

Question 31

What is Brodman’s map of the cerebral cortex based on?

Answer 31

Differences in the microscopic appearance of the cortex

Question 32

Gross Anatomy versus scans

Answer 32

For scans, the left and right are reversed.
This does not apply to gross antomy.