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🌿 topic 1 ESS > 1.5 humans and pollution > Flashcards

1.5 humans and pollution Flashcards

1
Q

pollution

A
  • addition of substances into the natural environment at a greater rate than at which they can be rendered harmless, causes adverse changes.
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2
Q

elements of pollution

A
  • introduction of a substance into the natural environment
  • greater rate than which can be broken down
  • substances location/quantity causes adverse changes
  • can be substance (gas, solid, liquid) or energy (heat, sound, light)
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3
Q

point source pollution

A
  • from a single identifiable source
  • easier to monitor and control
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4
Q

non point source pollution

A
  • from diffuse sources
  • difficult to monitor and control
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5
Q

organic/inorganic pollutant

A

organic
- something that is/was living
- carbon based
eg. sewage, silage

inorganic
- non living
eg. nitrates phosphates

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6
Q

persistent/ biodegradable pollutant

A

persistent
- do not breakdown easily
- POP’s are the worst, insoluble in water but soluble in fat, increasing concentrations up the food chain
eg. DDT, pesticides

biodegradable
- will breakdown/ decompose due to microorganisms
eg. sewage, food waste

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7
Q

acute/ chronic pollutant

A

acute
- suddenly and in large quantities over a short period of time
eg. rupture in an oil pipe

chronic
- persistent long term release of a pollutant at low concentrations
eg. runoff from urban areas into rivers

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8
Q

primary/ secondary pollutant

A

primary
- pollutants in the form they are released in
eg. Co2, CFC’s, dust

secondary
- when primary pollutants react with the environment and other pollutants
- usually more toxic
eg. ozone, acid deposition

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9
Q

air pollution

A
  • introduction of harmful materials into the atmosphere
  • respiratory problems, damage vegetation
  • turn into secondary pollutants
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10
Q

water pollution

A
  • introduced to a body of water
  • destroy ecosystems, disrupt food chains, spread diseases, poison humans
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11
Q

land pollution

A
  • human misuse of land resources
  • caused by poor disposal, use of chemicals, into soil
  • spreads disease, reduces capacity for life, destroys ecosystems
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12
Q

light pollution

A
  • poor lighting
  • street lamps, high usage of lighting in homes
  • can impact timing of biological activities, creature navigation, sleep cycles
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13
Q

noise pollution

A
  • presence of loud sounds
  • traffic, airports
  • marine animals ability to navigate, upset birds, damage hearing, stress
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14
Q

thermal pollution

A
  • change of temperature
  • water used for cooling back into water warmer
  • deforestation increasing heat, urban heat island
  • detrimental outside of tolerance range to organisms
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15
Q

visual pollution

A
  • issue to humans
  • detracts from the natural beauty of an area
  • high rise buildings, electricity transmission lines
  • perception influenced by personal opinion
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16
Q

impact of sulphur dioxide (SO2)

A
  • role in acid rain formation
  • damages plants and soil
  • acidifies lakes
  • respiratory irritant
17
Q

impact of nitrogen oxides

A
  • forms smog and ground level ozone
  • negatively impacts plants ability to produce and store food
  • damages plant structure
18
Q

impact of mercury

A
  • from combustion of coal
  • enters water turns into methylmercury
  • bioaccumulates in tissues
  • reduces fertility, increases death rates
  • slows growth and development
  • abnormal behaviour
  • breathing problems, suffocates aquatic animals
19
Q

impact of particulate matter (fly ash)

A
  • contaminates groundwater, leaching of heavy metals
20
Q

pollution management
education

A
  • altering human activity
  • raising awareness of problems, changes attitudes and values to make informed choices
  • make lifestyle changes
21
Q

pollution management
legislation

A
  • laws to regulate release of pollutants
  • montreal protocol
22
Q

pollution management
remediate

A
  • clean up the mess and restore damage done
  • extract pollutant from the environment
  • difficult to achieve
  • reintroduction of plants and animals
23
Q

DDT

A
  • insecticide, used to combat malaria, effective in bringing down death toll in many countries
  • persistent organic pollutant (POP)
  • absorbed by soil and not broken down
  • silent spring written about impacts associated with DDT
  • lowers reproductive success, declining numbers of birds
  • humans carcinogenic , reproductive system, thyroid issues, liver damage
24
Q

impact of silent spring

A
  • led to banning of DDT for agricultural usage in USA
  • total ban by 1991, stockholm convention
25
Q

ethics of DDT

A
  • banning DDT increased the death toll of malaria
  • with DDT more people would survive
  • lots of evidence extent of damage caused by DDT is not accurate

🌿 topic 1 ESS (5 decks)

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