1.5 Human Genomics

Question 1

What is bioinformatics

Answer 1

The name given to the field of biological, statistical, competitor modelling used to analyse the sequences of bases in DNA and he sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Question 2

What is systematics

Answer 2

The comparison of the human genome to genomes of other species to provide information on relationship and the origins of related species in order to develop an evolutionary pathway.

Question 3

What is the role of polymerase chain reaction

Answer 3

To amplify DNA

Question 4

To amplify DNA, what is needed

Answer 4

Primers, heat tolerant DNA polymerase, repeated thermal cycling and free nucleotides

Question 5

What is the first stage of PCR

Answer 5

DNA is heated in order to separate the two strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases. 95’C. DENATURING

Question 6

What happens in stage 2 of PCR

Answer 6

DNA is cooled. Allows primers to bind to specific target sequence on DNA to be copied. 55’C. ANNEALING

Question 7

What happens in stage 3 of PCR

Answer 7

Heat tolerant DNA polymerase add free nucleotide using the primer as a starting point. 72’C. EXTENSION

Question 8

What is a DNA PROBE

Answer 8

A short, single stranded man made fragment of DNA used to identify specific base sequences.

Question 9

How can DNA probes be detected

Answer 9

Using a radioactive or fluorescent label

Question 10

What can DNA PROBES be used in

Answer 10

Paternity cases, solving crimes

Question 11

Why is sequencing the genome important

Answer 11

Predicting the risk of genetic diseases. Making personalised medicine