15: Complex Lipids Flashcards
Fatty acids are used in the synthesis of _____ for energy storage and phospholipids and ______ which are components of cell membranes.
Fatty acids are used in the synthesis of triacyl glycerols for energy storage and phospholipids and sphingolipids which are components of cell membranes.
________ are synthesized from glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acyl CoA , via phosphatidic acid. Charged and uncharged polar head groups are then added to ________ to form the glycerophospholipid.
Glycero-phospholipids are synthesized from glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acyl CoA , via phosphatidic acid. Charged and uncharged polar head groups are then added to phosphatidic acid to form the glycerophospholipid.
Sphingolipids are synthesized through sphingosine which is derived from _____ and ______.
Sphingolipids are synthesized through sphingosine which is derived from serine and palmitoyl CoA.
Sphingomyelin is the sole ________ phospholipid and is found in ______ and in high concentration in the myelin sheath.
Sphingomyelin is the sole sphingosine phospholipid and is found in cell membranes and in high concentration in the myelin sheath.
Glycolipids are sphingolipids with sugar components and include _______, _______, _______ and _______.
Glycolipids are sphingolipids with sugar components and include cerebrosides, globosides, gangliosides and sulfatides.
Phospholipids are degraded by specific _______.
Phospholipids are degraded by specific phospholipases.
Glyco-sphingolipids are degraded by a series of _______ enzymes. Lysosomal lipid storage
defects based on genetic defects in specific degradation enzymes are called _______. As ______ are enriched in brain membranes many of these hereditary sphingolipidoses lead to neurologic deterioration and early death.
Glyco-sphingolipids are degraded by a series of lysosomal enzymes. Lysosomal lipid storage
defects based on genetic defects in specific degradation enzymes are called Sphingolipidoses. As glycol-sphingolipids are enriched in brain membranes many of these hereditary sphingolipidoses lead to neurologic deterioration and early death.
See purple on pg. 310
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_________ are the predominant phospholipids in cell membranes. ______ acid is the simplest glycerophospholipid.
In glycerophospholipids the phosphate group of ________ acid is esterefied to a compound containing an alcohol which forms: ______, ______, & _______ are the 3 main glycerophospholipids in cell membranes.
Glycerophospholipids are the predominant phospholipids in cell membranes. Phosphatidic acid is the simplest glycerophospholipid.
In glycerophospholipids the phosphate group of phosphatidic acid is esterefied to a compound containing an alcohol which forms: Phosphatidylserine, phosphtidylethanolamine, & phosphatidylcholine are the 3 main glycerophospholipids in cell membranes.
Cardiolipin = 2 molecules of _______ acid esterefied through their phosphate. It is found in the membranes of _____ & eukaryotic ______ ______ membranes–supports complexes of e- transport chain.
Cardiolipin = 2 molecules of phosphatidic acid esterefied through their phosphate. It is found in the membranes of bacteria & eukaryotic inner mitochondrial membranes–supports complexes of e- transport chain.
Ether Glyceolipids:
Phosphatidal _______ is abundant in nerve tissue
_____ ______ ____ is an ether glycerolipid–stimulates thrombotic & acute inflammatory response.
The plasmalogen _________ is enriched in heart muscle
_____ _____ & _____ _____ are the 2 most abundant ether lipids in mammals.
Ether Glyceolipids:
Phosphatidal ethanolamine is abundant in nerve tissue
Platelet activating factor is an ether glycerolipid–stimulates thrombotic & acute inflammatory response.
The plasmalogen phosphatidalcholine is enriched in heart muscle
Phosphatidal serine & phosphatidal choline are the 2 most abundant ether lipids in mammals.
The backbone of sphingomyelin is sphingosine. A ______ is attatched to the amino group in sphingosine via an _____ bond, this is a ceramide. Carbon 1 of sphingosine becaomes esterefied to ______ _____ forming sphingomyeilin–found in the myelin sheath.
The backbone of sphingomyelin is sphingosine. A LCFA is attatched to the amino group in sphingosine via an amide bond, this is a ceramide. Carbon 1 of sphingosine becaomes esterefied to phophoryl choline forming sphingomyeilin–found in the myelin sheath.
Galactocerebrosides = uncharged glycosphingolipids with a ______ or _______–found in nerve tissue like myelin sheathe. The glycosphingolipids differs from sphinomyelin in not having a phosphate group. Instead a sugar is attached to ________ by an O-glycosidic bond. The sugar is the polar head group & the ______ = hydrophobic tail that is in the hydrophobic core of membranes.
Galactocerebrosides = uncharged glycosphingolipids with a galactose or glucose–found in nerve tissue like myelin sheathe. The glycosphingolipids differs from sphinomyelin in not having a phosphate group. Instead a sugar is attached to ceramide by an O-glycosidic bond. The sugar is the polar head group & the ceramide = hydrophobic tail that is in the hydrophobic core of membranes.
Sphingomyeilin and Phosphyl Choline are on _____ leaflet of the cell membrane.
Phosphoserine & phosphoinosital phosphoethanolamine are on _____ leaflet.
Lipid rafts contain ______, _______, & ______ rich domains called lipid rafts. They are involved in functions like assembly of signaling molecules, membrane protein trafficking, regulating neurotransmission, & receptor trafficking.
Phospholipids & sphingomyelin filliping vs their concentration gradient uses ATP-dependent ______. When they flip down their gradient, they require ______ or ______.
Sphingomyeilin and Phosphyl Choline are on outside leaflet of the cell membrane.
Phosphoserine & phosphoinosital phosphoethanolamine are on inside leaflet.
Lipid rafts contain cholesterol, sphingolipid, & glycolipid rich domains called lipid rafts. They are involved in functions like assembly of signaling molecules, membrane protein trafficking, regulating neurotransmission, & receptor trafficking.
Phospholipids & sphingomyelin filliping vs their concentration gradient uses ATP-dependent flippases. When they flip down their gradient, they require scramblases or floppases.
Try to describe the synthesis of glycerophospholipids & see pg. 321-322
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