1.5 Flashcards
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Gives mechanical support and shape to cells and consists of different protein structures.
What is the structure of microtubules?
Protein structures and are hollow cylinders composed of tubulin
Where do microtubules radiate from?
The MTOC (microtubules organising centre) aka the centrosome
The formation and breakdown of microtubules involved…
Polymerisation and depolymerisation
What does cell division allow?
Allows organisms to grow, develop, replace dead cells and so repair tissues
What does the length of the cell cycle depend on?
Type of cell and external factors.
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase and Mitotic phase with cytokinesis
What does interphase include?
G1, S and G2
What does the M phase consist of?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
What is cytokinesis?
When the two daughter cells are formed after cytoplasmic division
What happens in prophase?
Nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle microtubules attach to chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes aligned on the metaphase plate
What happens in anaphase?
Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides by shortening microtubules
What happens in telophase?
Nuclear envelopes form round condensed chromosomes
Why are checkpoints required?
They are used to assess the cell’s condition during the cell cycle. Progression to the next phase will be halted until certain requirements are met.