1492-1700

Question 1

Results of the Scientific Revolution

Answer 1

Faster ships, mapmaking(caravels, carracks, galleons), printing press, compass, astrolabe –> expansion across the seas

Question 2

Spain in the Renaissance

Answer 2

Ferdinand and Isabella unify Castille and Aragon, garner a Catholic victory over the Moors at Granada

Question 3

Protestant Reformation

Answer 3

Movement against the Catholic Church and the Pope in Rome. Headed by Martin Luther. Encouraged European conversion. Believe in only faith necessary to gain salvation.

Question 4

1494, Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 4

Divided South America between Spain and Portugal, papal line of demarcation gives Brazil and the wast to Portugal

Question 5

encomienda system

Answer 5

Spaniards given land by the crown, take care of the Native Americans enslaved to work the land

Question 6

Virginia Company and Jamestown, 1606

Answer 6

Established as a joint-stock company, faced terrible hardships in climate, eventually saved by John Smith, John Rolfe, and tobacco

Question 7

French explorations

Answer 7

in Louisiana and the South, in Canada under Jacques Cartier and Samuel Champlain, fur trade with the Native Americans

Question 8

John Calvin and Calvinism

Answer 8

Supreme power of God, wickedness of man, predestination. Also known as the Puritans, settled New England

Question 9

Mound builders

Answer 9

Formed multi-level terraced earthworks, capital at Cahokia

Question 10

Mississippian

Answer 10

Ceremonial burial mounds, substantial dwellings for fishing and farming

Question 11

Rio Grande settlements

Answer 11

Pueblo and irrigation, Anasazi and sandstone cliffs

Question 12

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 12

Five nations relying on agriculture, largest political and military organization east of the MI River

Question 13

Aztecs

Answer 13

Mexico City, capital at Tenochtitlan. Used neighboring peoples for food, goods, and sacrifices. Conquered by Hernan Cortes.

Question 14

Incas

Answer 14

South America, engineers with hierarchical society, a coalition of tribes. Conquered by Francisco Pizarro.

Question 15

Christopher Columbus

Answer 15

1492, travelled to the Bahamas, helped the conquistadores increase gold supply to Spain 5 times over. Introduced cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, wheat, sugar cane, peaches, bananas, coffee, diseases (smallpox, measles, influenza)

Question 16

Demographic changes Europe

Answer 16

Development of nation-states, move to urban centers, increased crop yields, growing population, creation of a middle class, increased national and international trade, rise of mercantilism, increased nationalism

Question 17

mercantilism

Answer 17

economic system devoted to increasing national wealth. Colonies created to supply raw goods to the “mother country”

Question 18

Navigation Act of 1660

Answer 18

Permits only English ships to carry American goods, including specific commodities to be shipped only within the English empire

Question 19

nation-states

Answer 19

cultures of people who share similar histories and languages, paying taxes to one home country. used for economic gain

Question 20

Spanish Inquisition, 1481-1823

Answer 20

Forces conversion of expulsion of non-orthodox Catholicism, executes thousands of Jews and Muslims

Question 21

mission system

Answer 21

developed to facilitate colonial expansion and pacify the Indians. Chapel, presidio, farming capabilities.