1450-1800 Early Modern Period Flashcards
What time period does early modern medicine in Britain cover?
1450-1800
True or False: The practice of medicine in early modern Britain was heavily influenced by classical Greek and Roman texts.
True
What was the dominant medical theory in early modern Britain?
Humoral theory
Fill in the blank: The four humors are blood, phlegm, black bile, and _____ .
yellow bile
Who was the prominent figure in early modern medicine known for his work on anatomy?
Andreas Vesalius
What did William Harvey discover?
The circulation of blood
True or False: Surgery was considered a respectable profession in early modern Britain.
False
What was the primary role of barber-surgeons in early modern Britain?
Performing surgeries and bloodletting
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a common treatment in early modern medicine? A) Bloodletting B) Herbal remedies C) Antibiotics D) Cupping
C) Antibiotics
What was the role of apothecaries in early modern British medicine?
Dispensing medicines and providing medical advice
Fill in the blank: The _____ was a common method used to treat imbalances in the humors.
bloodletting
Who published ‘De humani corporis fabrica’ in 1543?
Andreas Vesalius
True or False: The use of anatomical dissection was widely accepted in early modern Britain.
False
What significant medical advancement occurred during the 18th century?
The development of vaccination
Who developed the smallpox vaccine?
Edward Jenner
Multiple Choice: Which of the following diseases did Edward Jenner’s vaccine target? A) Measles B) Smallpox C) Polio D) Tuberculosis
B) Smallpox
What was the significance of the Royal Society established in 1660?
It promoted scientific research and collaboration.
Fill in the blank: The _____ was a significant institution for medical education during the early modern period.
University
True or False: The concept of germ theory was widely accepted in early modern Britain.
False
What practice was common among midwives in early modern Britain?
Assisting in childbirth
Multiple Choice: Which medical text was influential in early modern medicine? A) ‘The Anatomy of Melancholy’ B) ‘The Canon of Medicine’ C) ‘The Complete Works of Shakespeare’ D) ‘Principia Mathematica’
B) ‘The Canon of Medicine’
What was a common belief about the causes of disease during this period?
Diseases were caused by imbalances in the humors.
Fill in the blank: _____ was a practice where a physician would remove blood to cure illness.
bloodletting
True or False: Medical practitioners in early modern Britain were often formally educated.
False
What did Thomas Sydenham contribute to medicine?
He emphasized observation and diagnosis in treating patients.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a common form of medical treatment? A) Surgery B) Chemotherapy C) Radiology D) Acupuncture
A) Surgery
What was the role of the College of Physicians in early modern Britain?
Regulating the practice of medicine and licensing physicians.
Fill in the blank: _____ was a popular medical text by Galen that influenced early modern medicine.
‘On the Natural Faculties’
True or False: Homeopathy was a widely accepted practice in early modern Britain.
False
What was the primary focus of medicine in early modern Britain?
Understanding and treating imbalances in bodily humors.
Multiple Choice: Who is known for his work on the principles of vaccination? A) Edward Jenner B) Louis Pasteur C) Joseph Lister D) Hippocrates
A) Edward Jenner
What was the significance of the Great Plague of 1665?
It highlighted the limitations of contemporary medicine.
Fill in the blank: _____ was a method used to remove excess bodily fluids thought to cause illness.
cupping
True or False: Early modern medicine included the use of both herbs and minerals for treatment.
True
What role did women play in early modern medicine?
They served as midwives and herbalists.
Multiple Choice: Which of these was a common belief about the cause of illness? A) Bad air B) Germs C) Genetics D) Vaccines
A) Bad air
What was the effect of the printing press on early modern medicine?
It facilitated the spread of medical knowledge.
Fill in the blank: The practice of _____ was often performed by barbers in early modern Britain.
surgery
True or False: The medical community in early modern Britain was unified in their approaches to treatment.
False
Multiple Choice: Which medical practice was considered more prestigious? A) Surgery B) Apothecary C) Physician D) Midwifery
C) Physician
What was the main focus of Edward Jenner’s research?
Preventing smallpox through vaccination.
Fill in the blank: _____ was a common belief that diseases were caused by supernatural forces.
miasma theory
True or False: The use of leeches was common in early modern medical practices.
True
What significant change in public health occurred in the 18th century?
Increased attention to sanitation and hygiene.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a common practice in early modern medicine? A) Bloodletting B) Trepanation C) Organ transplants D) Herbal remedies
C) Organ transplants
What was the role of the Royal College of Surgeons established in 1800?
To regulate the practice and training of surgery.
Fill in the blank: The _____ was a practice where physicians used a sharp instrument to make incisions in the skin.
lancing
True or False: The concept of anatomy was well understood by early modern physicians.
False
What was a common form of diagnosis during early modern medicine?
Observation of symptoms.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following medical practitioners was most likely to perform surgeries? A) Apothecary B) Physician C) Barber-surgeon D) Midwife
C) Barber-surgeon
What was the significance of the publication of Thomas Sydenham’s works?
They emphasized clinical observation and the importance of symptoms.
Fill in the blank: _____ was a common treatment involving the application of heat to the skin.
cauterization
True or False: Medical education in early modern Britain was standardized and regulated.
False
What was the purpose of the Apothecaries Act of 1815?
To regulate the practice of apothecaries.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a common method for treating fevers? A) Bleeding B) Rest C) Herbal teas D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What was the prevailing view on hygiene in early modern medicine?
It was often neglected or misunderstood.
Fill in the blank: The _____ was a popular medical book that compiled medical knowledge of the time.
Compendium
True or False: The 18th century saw the emergence of more scientific approaches to medicine.
True
What was the impact of the Enlightenment on early modern medicine?
It encouraged rational thought and empirical research.
Multiple Choice: Who is often referred to as the ‘father of modern surgery’? A) John Hunter B) Ambroise Paré C) Andreas Vesalius D) Edward Jenner
A) John Hunter
What role did religion play in early modern medicine?
It influenced beliefs about health and disease.
Fill in the blank: The _____ was a critical period that led to advancements in public health and medical practices.
Industrial Revolution
True or False: The practice of midwifery was often viewed with skepticism by male physicians.
True
What was the primary focus of public health initiatives in early modern Britain?
Controlling epidemics and improving sanitation.
What is Secularism
When the Church and State are separated (Church can’t make laws)
When was William Harvey’s book on circulation? And what was it called
An Anatomical Account of the Motion of the Heat and Blood in Animals (1628)
What was Pare’s book called and when was it published?
Works on Surgery (1575)
What are Humanists?
Scholars who studied the humanities- Literary, History, Philosophy
Who is Martin Luther?
A Protestant Reformer who wrote 95 Theses
What is Heresy?
Going against the Church or God
Who was Paracelus?
c.1483-c.1541 German physician and chemist who disagreed with Galen and burned his books.
What was Wiseman’s first medical book?
1672- A treatise on Wounds
What was Wiseman’s second medical book?
1672- Several Chirurgical Treatise
When as the 30 years war?
1618-1648
What disease came to the Uk by ships?
Cholera
What diseases were spread by Ships from Britain to the new world?
Smallpox and Syphilis
How many people died in 1604 due to the plague in York?
30% of York’s population
How many people died in 1665 due to the plague?
100,000
25% of the population
What did Plague doctors wear during the great plague?
Floor length robes
Long gloves
Mask filled with herbs
What did Pare do?
Created a herbal treatment to use instead of cauterisation
When was the microscope invented?
1890
When was the printing press invented?
1440
Who was Thomas Sydenham?
An English Physician who observed his patients before treating them
Who was Nicholas Culpepper?
A herbalist, botanist and physician. Wrote a book and herbs and their medicinal qualities ‘The English Physician’ 1653
What did James Lind do?
Created a cure for scurvy 1753
Who was Jane Sharp?
A Midwife. Published on book on her medical experience 1671 ‘The Midwives Book’
Who was Jane Sharp?
A Midwife. Published on book on her medical experience 1671 ‘The Midwives Book’
What Did Robert Burton do?
Published a study on mental illness
What did Sir John Floyer do?
Published ‘A Treatise on Asthma’ 1698
What does Endemic mean?
Occurring in a small area
