14.5 Cordinated Responses Flashcards
What is the fight or flight response?
An indistinctive response in all mammals when a potential danger is detected, that leads to a series of physiological responses that are intended to prepare the body to run or flight for life
What detects a threat
The automatic nervous system which then communicates with the hypothalamus which activates the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal-cortisol system
What does the sympathetic nervous system do to initiate body’s reactions in the fight or flight response?
uses neuronal pathways to send impulses to the glands and smooth muscle and tells the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline and noradrenaline
What does the adrenal-cortisol system do to initiate body’s reactions in the fight or flight response?
Uses hormones in the bloodstream like ACTH which travels in the bloodstream to the adrenal cortex where it activates the release of many hormones
What is the table to show the summary of coordination of their fight to flight response?
What are some of the physiological responses of the fight or flight response?
-Increased heart rate
-Dilated pupils
-Aterioles constrict
-Increase in blood glucose
-Smooth muscle and airways relax
-Non essential systems shit down eg. digestive system
-Difficulty focusing on small tasks
What is the purpose of an increase in HR in the fight or flight response?
To pump more oxygenated blood around the body and to the muscles. Respiration can increase, so ATP production is increased and there is an increase in muscular contraction
What is the purpose of pupils dilating in the fight or flight response?
To take in as much light as possible, more information to the brain
What is the purpose of arterioles vasoconstricting in the fight or flight response?
More blood to the major muscle groups, brain and heart
What is the purpose of an increase in blood glucose in the fight or flight response?
Increased respiration to provide energy for muscle contraction
What is the purpose of smooth muscle and airways relaxing in the fight or flight response?
To allow more oxygen into the lungs
What is the purpose of non-essential systems shutting down in the fight or flight response?
To focus resources on emergency functions
What do you have difficulty focusing on tasks in the fight or flight response?
So that the brain is solely focused only on where the threat is coming from
Why does adrenaline not pass through membranes
It is hydrophilic
Why is a hormone called a first messenger?
It carries the chemical message the first part of the way, from the endocrine gland to the receptor on the target cell
What are the steps for the second messenger model of hormone action for adrenaline?
- Adrenaline binds to its specific receptor site and in doing so activated an enzyme inside the membrane called adenylyl cyclase
- Activated adenylyl cyclase catalyses the production of cyclic AMP form ATP which acts as a secondary messenger
- Cyclic AMP causes a cascade of reaction by activating other enzymes , that convert glycogen into glucose
- This is known as the second messenger model
