14.1 sigma and pi bonds HL Flashcards
Covalent bonding definition in relation to atomic orbitals
Covalent bonds result from the overlap of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals
2 types of covalent bond
1) Sigma
2) Pi
What is sigma bond
A sigma bond (σ) is formed by the direct head-on/end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals, resulting in electron density concentrated between the nuclei of the bonding atoms.
Possibilities of having sigma bond
1) 2 s orbitals overlapping head on
2) S orbital overlapping with p orbital , head on
3) 2 p-orbitals overlapping head on
What is pi- bond
A pi bond (π) is formed by the sideways overlap of atomic orbitals, resulting in electron density above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonding atoms.