14.1 Physiology: Regulation of energy balance Flashcards
What is the body fat level of people with more slow twitch fibres generally?
Lower body fat (more oxidative capacity)
What is the gold standard for measuring energy expenditure?
Doubly labelled water (radioactive isotope that we can measure)
What amount of calories can fidgeting result in burning?
100-800 kcal/day
What proteins are important in brown adipose tissue?
UCP1 (inefficient ATP synthesis, increase O2 consumption and produce more heat)
PGC1a: (mitochondria biogenesis)
What hormone stimulates the feeling of hunger?
Ghrelin
What happens to an appetite suppressing hormone when we increase our body mass?
Leptin is released from adipose tissue (to make us want to decrease our food intake)
What happens if we treat a Leptin deficiency?
Obese person–>average size person
What happens to mediators of hunger after 1 year of weight loss?
They still do not revert to the normal levels prior to weight loss
What happens to the death risk of people who meet activity guidelines but are sitting all day?
Still increases even if you are physically active
What is the response to long-term overfeeding in identical twins (one twin is control)?
Increase food, increase mass (hence environmental factors in play too)
What diet is more effective at keeping the weight off?
High protein, low GI
Is a low carb diet better?
Atkins is a slight advantage but we need more studies
What is the difference in weight regain between slow or fast weight loss?
No difference, invariably will regain the weight
What do people that have successfully lost weight and kept it off do? (5)
Low calorie, low fat diet with minimal variation Eat breakfast Regular exercise (1hr/day) Limit TV viewing Frequent self monitoring
