14.1 Flashcards
Homozygous
Two identical alleles for a character
Heterozygous
Two different alleles for a gene
Phenotype
Physical appearance
Genotype
Genetic makeup
Testcross
Breeding mystery individual with a homozygous recessive individual
Monohybrids
Heterozygous for a one character
Monohybrid cross
Cross between such heterozygotes
Dihybrids
Production of crossing two true-breeding parents differing in two characters
Dihybrid cross
Cross between F1 hybrids and determines whether two characters are transmitted to offspring as a package or independently
Independently
How each pair of alleles segregates of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation
Nonhomologous
Chromosomes or those far apart on the same chromosome
What do Mendel’s law of segregation and independent assortment reflects what?
Rules of probability
Multiplication rule
Probability that two or more independent events will occur together is the product of their individual probabilities
Addition rule
States that the probability that any one of two or more exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding together their individual probabilities
Multicharacter cross
Equivalent to two or more independent monohybrid crosses occurring simultaneously
