Chapter 6 pt. 1

Question 1

What does the human skeleton initially consist of?

Answer 1

cartilage, which is later replaced by bone

Question 2

perichondrium

Answer 2

layer of dense connective tissue
surrounding cartilage like a girdle

Question 3

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 3

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Question 4

Seven functions of bones

Answer 4

support, protection, anchorage, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage, and hormone production

Question 5

hematopoiesis means what?

Answer 5

making blood or blood production
- red bone marrow does this

Question 6

osteocalcin

Answer 6

protein hormone found in bone

Question 7

axial skeleton

Question 8

appendicular skeleton

Question 9

four bone shapes and examples

Question 10

Three levels of structure

Answer 10

gross, microscopic, and chemical

Question 11

Gross
Compact bone

Answer 11

the dense outer layer of bone surrounded by the periosteum

Question 12

Gross
Spongey Bone

Answer 12

the inner layer of bone surrounded by the endosteum

Question 13

Gross
Diaphysis

Answer 13

tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
- all long bones have a diaphysis

Question 14

Gross
Epiphyses

Answer 14

ends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
- all long bones have a epiphyses

Question 15

Gross
Membranes

Answer 15

two types (periosteum and endosteum)

Question 16

Gross
Periosteum

Answer 16

glistening white, double-layered membrane that covers external surfaces except joints
- two layers: fibrous (dense connective tissue) and osteogenic (bone-making layer)

Question 17

Gross
Endosteum

Answer 17

connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface (spongey bone)

Question 18

Gross
nutrient foramen

Answer 18

where blood supply goes into the bone

Question 19

Gross
Bone markings (three types)

Answer 19

Sites of muscle, ligament, and tendon attachment on external surfaces
- types: projections (sites of muscle and ligament attachment), surfaces (help form joints), and depressions and openings (serve as passageways for vessels and nerves)